Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
In which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?
Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction.
Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.
Worm infestations exacerbate the body's immune reactions.
Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders.
The Correct Answer is B
A possible modification could be: “Parasitic worm infestation can have both damaging and beneficial effects on the host.
While it can cause harm, it has also been found to reduce the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.”
Choice A. Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies that worm infestation completely prevents immune malfunction, which is not supported by the evidence.
Choice C. Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions is not correct because it contradicts the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
Choice D. Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies a causal relationship between lack of worm infestations and autoimmune disorders, which is not supported by the evidence.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
When viruses cause an infection, they spread their DNA, affecting healthy cells’ genetic makeup and potentially causing them to turn into cancer.
For instance, HPV infections cause the virus’ DNA to combine with the host’s DNA, disrupting the normal function of cells.
Choice A is not correct because cancerous and normal cells sharing genetic sequences do not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Choice B is not correct because cellular DNA having sequences related to viral sequences does not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Choice C is not correct because viruses and cancer cells both replicating rapidly do not support the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
ADH is then transported to the posterior pituitary gland via neurohypophysial capillaries, where it is stored until it is ready to be secreted into the circulation.
Choice A. Pineal gland is not correct because it is a small endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice B. Thymus is not correct because it is a gland located in the chest that produces hormones involved in immune system development, but it does not synthesize ADH.
Choice D. Pancreas is not correct because it is a gland located behind the stomach that secretes hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, but it does not synthesize ADH.
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