One side effect of oxytocin stimulation is hypertonic contractions. This can be detrimental to the fetus because
It produces a prolapsed cord.
It increases maternal renal blood flow.
It decreases maternal blood pressure.
There is a reduction of placental blood flow.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
A prolapsed umbilical cord occurs when the cord slips ahead of the presenting fetal part, potentially leading to cord compression and compromised fetal oxygenation. However, hypertonic contractions do not directly cause a prolapsed cord. Instead, factors such as premature rupture of membranes, abnormal fetal positioning, or excessive amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios) are more likely contributors to cord prolapse. Hypertonic contractions primarily affect uteroplacental circulation rather than fetal positioning.
Choice B reason:
One side effect of oxytocin stimulation is hypertonic contractions. This can be detrimental to the fetus because it produces a prolapsed cord. This is incorrect because a prolapsed cord is not caused by hypertonic contractions, but by other factors such as a low-lying placenta, a premature rupture of membranes, a small or preterm fetus, or an abnormal presentation. A prolapsed cord occurs when the umbilical cord slips through the cervix and into the vagina before or during delivery. This can compress the cord and cut off the blood supply to the fetus, resulting in fetal bradycardia and possible death.
Choice C reason:
One side effect of oxytocin stimulation is hypertonic contractions. This can be detrimental to the fetus because it increases maternal renal blood flow. This is incorrect because hypertonic contractions do not affect maternal renal blood flow directly. Maternal renal blood flow is influenced by factors such as maternal blood pressure, hydration, cardiac output, and renal function. Hypertonic contractions may cause maternal dehydration, which can reduce renal blood flow, but this is not a direct effect of oxytocin stimulation.
Choice D reason:
Hypertonic contractions reduce placental blood flow by limiting the relaxation phase between contractions. Normally, uterine contractions intermittently compress the spiral arteries supplying the placenta, but prolonged or excessively frequent contractions prevent adequate placental perfusion. This can lead to fetal hypoxia, acidosis, and distress, making it the most detrimental effect of oxytocin-induced hypertonic contractions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is: d. Move infant away from blowing fan.
Choice A: Dry the baby after a bath
Drying the baby after a bath is essential to prevent heat loss through evaporation. When a newborn is wet, the water on their skin can evaporate, taking heat away from their body. While this is an important step in maintaining the baby’s temperature, it does not specifically address heat loss through convection.
Choice B: Wrap the baby in warmed blankets
Wrapping the baby in warmed blankets helps prevent heat loss through conduction and radiation. Conduction occurs when the baby comes into contact with a cooler surface, and radiation occurs when the baby loses heat to the surrounding environment. Although this action is beneficial, it does not directly address heat loss through convection.
Choice C: Place the baby in a warmer
Placing the baby in a warmer is an effective way to maintain the baby’s overall body temperature by providing a controlled, warm environment. This action helps prevent heat loss through conduction, radiation, and evaporation. However, it is not the most direct method to prevent heat loss through convection.
Choice D: Move infant away from blowing fan
Moving the infant away from a blowing fan directly addresses and prevents heat loss due to air movement, which is a key factor in convection. Convection occurs when air currents carry heat away from the baby’s body. By moving the baby away from the fan, the nurse can effectively reduce heat loss through this mechanism.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Maternal exhaustion is a maternal indication for the use of vacuum extraction. Vacuum extraction is a technique that can assist the mother in delivering the baby when she is unable to push effectively or when pushing poses a risk to her health. Vacuum extraction can shorten the second stage of labor and reduce maternal fatigue and distress. According to the Cleveland Clinic, vacuum extraction might be indicated if "the mother can't push anymore, either due to exhaustion or a health condition.".
Choice B reason:
Failure to progress past 0 station is not a maternal indication for the use of vacuum extraction. The station refers to the position of the baby's head in relation to the mother's pelvis. 0 station means that the baby's head is at the level of the pelvic inlet, or the narrowest part of the pelvis. Vacuum extraction is usually not performed before the baby reaches +2 station, which means that the head is 2 cm below the pelvic inlet and visible at the vaginal opening. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, vacuum extraction should not be attempted if "the fetal head is not engaged (above 0 station).".
Choice C reason:
A wide pelvic outlet is not a maternal indication for the use of vacuum extraction. The pelvic outlet is the lower part of the pelvis that forms the exit for the baby during delivery. A wide pelvic outlet means that there is more space for the baby to pass through, which can facilitate vaginal delivery and reduce the need for instrumental assistance. Vacuum extraction is more likely to be indicated when there is a narrow pelvic outlet, which can obstruct labor and cause fetal distress.
Choice D reason:
A history of rapid deliveries is not a maternal indication for the use of vacuum extraction. Rapid deliveries, also known as precipitous deliveries, are those that occur within 3 hours of the onset of labor. Rapid deliveries can pose risks to both the mother and the baby, such as excessive bleeding, umbilical cord prolapse, or birth trauma. However, vacuum extraction is not usually indicated in these cases, as it requires time and preparation to apply the device and monitor its effects. Vacuum extraction is more likely to be indicated when labor is prolonged or stalled in the second stage, and when there is a nonreassuring fetal heart rate.
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