In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?
Hypotonic saltwater.
Hypertonic saltwater.
Hypotonic freshwater.
Hypertonic freshwater.
The Correct Answer is B
The correct answer is B. Hypertonic saltwater.
Choice A rationale: Hypotonic saltwater would not cause significant fluid shifts into the alveoli. Instead, it would cause cells to swell due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells.
Choice B rationale: Hypertonic saltwater causes fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli due to the higher concentration of solutes in the water compared to the body's cells. This can impair alveolar ventilation and result in hypoxia.
Choice C rationale: Hypotonic freshwater would cause cells to swell and potentially burst due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells, but it would not specifically cause fluid to be drawn into the alveoli.
Choice D rationale: Hypertonic freshwater is not a common classification for drowning water. Freshwater is typically hypotonic compared to body fluids, and it would not cause the same fluid shift as hypertonic saltwater.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Neutropenic patients are at increased risk of infections, but neutropenia does not cause specific changes in the tongue surface. The smooth and shiny tongue surface described in the question is not indicative of neutropenia.
Choice B rationale:
Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. It can cause the skin to appear reddish or flushed, but it does not directly cause changes in the tongue surface such as smoothness and shininess.
Choice C rationale:
Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for the formation of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system. One of the characteristic signs of pernicious anemia is glossitis, which is inflammation of the tongue that can make the tongue appear smooth and shiny. This finding aligns with the description provided in the question.
Choice D rationale:
Elevated estrogen levels can cause changes in the skin, such as increased pigmentation or the development of spider veins, but they do not directly cause changes in the tongue surface as described in the question.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Methotrexate is a medication used for cancer and autoimmune diseases. It does not chelate iron and is not used to treat iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis.
Choice B rationale:
Deferoxamine is an iron chelating agent used to treat iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis. It binds to excess iron and promotes its excretion from the body, preventing complications such as organ damage.
Choice C rationale:
Ferrous gluconate is an iron supplement used to treat iron deficiency anemia. It would not be appropriate for a patient with hemochromatosis, a condition characterized by iron overload.
Choice D rationale:
Iron dextran complex is another form of intravenous iron used to treat iron deficiency anemia. It is not indicated for treating iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis.
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