In which of the following respiratory system components does gas exchange occur?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar sacs
Pleura
Pulmonary veins
The Correct Answer is B
A. Respiratory bronchioles are part of the lower respiratory tract and lead to alveolar sacs, but they themselves are not primarily responsible for gas exchange. Their role is in the conduction of air.
B. Alveolar sacs are the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs. These sacs contain alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and the blood. This is the correct answer.
C. The pleura are double-layered membranes surrounding the lungs and do not play a direct role in gas exchange. They reduce friction and allow for smooth lung expansion.
D. Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, but gas exchange occurs in the alveolar sacs, not the veins.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The trachea is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs. While it plays a role in respiration, it does not protect the airway during swallowing.
B. The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food or liquid from entering the airway and directing it to the esophagus.
C. The uvula is part of the soft palate that helps in the swallowing process but does not directly protect the airway. It assists in preventing food from entering the nasal cavity.
D. The pharynx is the passageway for both air and food, but it does not provide protection to the airway during swallowing. The epiglottis is the main structure responsible for this protection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cardiac index is a measure of cardiac output adjusted for body surface area. It provides a more individualized view of heart function but does not specifically refer to the amount of blood ejected during each contraction.
B. Cardiac output refers to the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, which is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. However, it describes the total blood output over time, not the blood ejected per contraction.
C. Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction. It is a key measurement of heart function.
D. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood in the left ventricle that is ejected during each contraction. While related to stroke volume, it is a ratio rather than the actual volume of blood ejected.
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