Cushing's syndrome is a result of hypersecretion of which of the following glands?
Adrenal
Pituitary
Parathyroid
Thymus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cushing's syndrome is most commonly caused by the hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal glands. It can also result from excess production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland, but the primary issue is often adrenal hypersecretion.
B. While the pituitary gland can contribute to Cushing's syndrome by secreting too much ACTH (which stimulates the adrenal glands), it is the adrenal glands that primarily cause the symptoms of the condition.
C. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood, not for the production of cortisol.
D. The thymus plays a role in immune system development, but it is not involved in Cushing's syndrome.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dehydration does not directly stimulate the production of erythrocytes. While dehydration can affect blood volume and viscosity, it is not a primary factor in erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells).
B. Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) stimulates the production of erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys that promotes the formation of new erythrocytes in the bone marrow. This response helps improve oxygen delivery to tissues.
C. Inflammation triggers the immune response and can affect various blood cell types, but it does not directly stimulate erythropoiesis.
D. Infection can affect blood cell counts, but it is not a direct stimulus for the production of erythrocytes. The body may produce white blood cells as part of the immune response, but not red blood cells specifically.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cardiac index is a measure of cardiac output adjusted for body surface area. It provides a more individualized view of heart function but does not specifically refer to the amount of blood ejected during each contraction.
B. Cardiac output refers to the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, which is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. However, it describes the total blood output over time, not the blood ejected per contraction.
C. Stroke volume is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction. It is a key measurement of heart function.
D. Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood in the left ventricle that is ejected during each contraction. While related to stroke volume, it is a ratio rather than the actual volume of blood ejected.
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