In response to the patient's question about how to know whether drugs are safe, the nurse explains that all medications undergo rigorous scientific testing controlled by what organization?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The FDA is responsible for regulating and ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs, medical devices, and other health-related products. All medications must undergo rigorous scientific testing and approval processes overseen by the FDA before they can be marketed to the public.
B. The DEA regulates controlled substances and enforces laws related to drug abuse, but it does not control the scientific testing of medications.
C. The CDC focuses on public health and disease prevention, not the regulation or testing of medications.
D. The Joint Commission accredits healthcare organizations but does not directly oversee the scientific testing of medications.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

a) Bioavailability refers to the proportion of the drug that reaches systemic circulation when administered by a particular route. The oral route typically has lower bioavailability than the intravenous route due to the first-pass metabolism in the liver. Therefore, when switching from an IV form to an oral form, the dose often needs to be higher to achieve the same therapeutic effect.

b) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where cells absorb fluids and small molecules. While important in drug absorption, it is not the reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

c) Tachyphylaxis is a rapid tolerance to a drug after its administration, often requiring higher doses over time, but it does not directly explain the need for a higher oral dose.

d) Protein binding refers to how drugs bind to proteins in the blood, which can affect their distribution. However, this is not the main reason why oral doses are higher than IV doses.

A. Clarify the order with the charge nurse B. Dilute the medication and administer by GT C. Clarify the order with the health provider who wrote the order D. Administer p.o as ordered

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

a) Clarifying the order with the charge nurse is not the correct action. The charge nurse may not be able to clarify medication orders and is not the primary contact for this issue.

b) Diluting and administering the medication by gastrostomy tube (GT) is inappropriate because the medication is ordered to be taken p.o. (by mouth), not via the tube.

c) Clarifying the order with the healthcare provider is the most appropriate step. A p.o. order is typically for oral administration, but the client has a gastrotomy tube. The nurse should clarify with the provider whether the medication can be crushed and administered via the tube or if a different route or medication form is necessary.

d) Administering the medication p.o. as ordered would not be appropriate if the client is unable to take oral medications. The nurse should verify the appropriate route of administration based on the patient's condition.

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In response to the patient's question about how to know whether drugs are safe, the nurse explains that all medications undergo rigorous scientific testing controlled by what organization?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse prepares to change a patient's medication from an intravenous to an oral form and notes that the oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client has a gastrotomy tube in place. The health care provider ordered the medication p.o. Which action would be appropriate for the nurse to take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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