How many ounces is 30 ml?

Fetal circulation continues until after the stress of labor.

Choice A rationale:

Fetal circulation undergoes significant changes at birth. It becomes ineffective as the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life occurs. The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus, which allow blood to bypass certain fetal circulatory pathways, close as the baby breathes for the first time.

Choice B rationale:

Fetal circulation does not continue until red blood cells are broken down. Red blood cells in a fetus have a shorter lifespan than those in adults and are continually replaced throughout gestation. However, their breakdown is not the reason for the changes in fetal circulation.

Choice C rationale:

The correct answer. Fetal circulation continues until after the stress of labor. During labor, the baby experiences increased stress and pressure, which helps trigger various physiological changes, including the closure of specific fetal circulatory shunts.

Choice D rationale:

Fetal circulation does not continue until adulthood. As mentioned earlier, the transition from fetal to adult circulation occurs during and after birth, with the closure of specific fetal shunts and the establishment of a fully functional adult circulatory system.

Choice A rationale:

Respiratory distress is a priority assessment finding that indicates a newborn may be experiencing cold stress. Cold stress can cause the baby's body to burn brown fat to generate heat, leading to increased oxygen demand and respiratory distress as a compensatory mechanism.

Choice B rationale:

Hyperglycemia is not associated with cold stress. Instead, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a concern in newborns experiencing cold stress as they deplete their glucose stores to maintain body temperature.

Choice C rationale:

Metabolic alkalosis is not a priority assessment finding for cold stress. Metabolic acidosis (not listed in the options) can be associated with cold stress due to increased anaerobic metabolism, but it is not one of the provided choices.

Choice D rationale:

Hypoglycemia is a priority assessment finding associated with cold stress. As the baby's body uses glucose to produce heat from burning brown fat, it can lead to a drop in blood sugar levels, which is a significant concern in newborns.

Choice E rationale:

Metabolic acidosis is not listed among the provided choices, but it can be associated with cold stress due to the increased production of lactic acid from anaerobic metabolism when trying to generate heat.