How do memory cells contribute to long-term immunity?
Memory cells directly attack pathogens in the body.
Memory cells produce antibodies upon initial pathogen exposure.
Memory cells recognize and respond rapidly to previously encountered pathogens.
Memory cells regulate the body's temperature during an infection.
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: Memory cells recognize and respond rapidly to previously encountered pathogens. Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed after an initial infection or vaccination. They "remember" the specific pathogen and allow the immune system to mount a faster and stronger response upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen, providing long-term immunity.
Incorrect choices:
a. Memory cells do not directly attack pathogens in the body. They serve as a form of immune "memory" to help the body respond more effectively to future infections.
b. Memory cells do not produce antibodies upon initial pathogen exposure. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies in response to the pathogen.
d. Memory cells do not regulate the body's temperature during an infection. Temperature regulation is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain in response to infection or other stimuli.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) are the effector cells of cell-mediated immunity. Their primary role is to directly recognize and kill infected or abnormal cells, such as virus-infected cells or cancer cells. Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis (cell death) in the target cells.
Incorrect choices:
a. Helper T cells, not cytotoxic T cells, recognize antigens presented by macrophages and play a crucial role in activating other immune cells.
b. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies against pathogens during the humoral immune response, not cytotoxic T cells.
d. Regulatory T cells (suppressor T cells) are involved in regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, not cytotoxic T cells.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Explanation: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed during the body's initial encounter with a pathogen. They "remember" the specific antigen of the pathogen and allow the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively if the same pathogen is encountered again in the future. Memory cells are responsible for providing long-term immunity.
Incorrect choices:
a. Engulfing pathogens and foreign invaders is the role of phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils.
b. Initiating the inflammatory response is carried out by various immune cells, including mast cells and basophils, as part of the innate immune response.
c. Producing antibodies in response to infection is the primary role of B cells in the immune system.
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