Gestational diabetes is: (Select All that Apply.)

Choice A reason: Reversible deviant cells do not accurately describe neoplasia. Neoplasia involves the uncontrolled and irreversible growth of abnormal cells. While some deviant cell changes can be reversible, neoplasia specifically refers to irreversible changes that lead to tumor formation.

Choice B reason: Neoplasia does not adhere to the genetic controls placed on cellular proliferation and differentiation. In fact, the hallmark of neoplasia is the loss of these regulatory mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and differentiation.

Choice C reason: Neoplasia indeed alters cellular proliferation and differentiation. This alteration is due to genetic mutations and other changes that lead to the loss of normal growth control. The result is the formation of tumors, which can be benign or malignant.

Choice D reason: Controlled and regulated cells do not describe neoplasia. Neoplastic cells grow and proliferate without the normal regulatory signals that control cell growth and differentiation. This uncontrolled growth is what characterizes neoplasia.

Choice A reason: Micturition, or urination, is stimulated by the filling of the bladder. As the bladder fills with urine, stretch receptors in the bladder wall are activated. These receptors send signals to the brain, which then triggers the urge to urinate. When the bladder is full enough, the brain sends signals to the muscles of the bladder to contract and to the urethral sphincter to relax, allowing urine to be expelled from the body.

Choice B reason: Segmental movement refers to the rhythmic contractions and relaxations of segments of the intestine that help in the movement of contents along the gastrointestinal tract. It is not related to the process of micturition.

Choice C reason: Rectal filling is associated with the defecation reflex, not micturition. When the rectum fills with feces, stretch receptors in the rectal walls are activated, leading to the urge to defecate. This process is separate from the mechanisms involved in urination.

Choice D reason: Mass movements are large, strong contractions of the colon that move fecal matter toward the rectum, facilitating defecation. They are not involved in the process of micturition.