From an online ATI/HESI MCQ: A nurse is caring for a pregnant client with hepatitis

Choice A rationale:

Hepatitis C is indeed caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus is classified under the Flaviviridae family and is known for its high genetic variability, leading to the development of multiple genotypes and subtypes. The RNA genome of HCV is not defective, but rather highly adaptable, making it challenging to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sharing needles, and, less commonly, through sexual contact and from mother to child during childbirth.

Choice B rationale:

Hepatitis B (HBV) is caused by a partially double-stranded DNA virus, not a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. HBV belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, and it is transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. HBV can cause both acute and chronic liver infections.

Choice C rationale:

Hepatitis A (HAV) is caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, not hepatitis

C. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, typically due to contaminated food or water. It is usually a self-limiting disease that does not lead to chronic liver problems.

Choice D rationale:

Hepatitis E (HEV) is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, but it is not partially double-stranded DNA, as stated in this choice. HEV is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV, and it can cause acute hepatitis, particularly in pregnant women, but it does not require a prior hepatitis B infection for transmission.

Choice A rationale:

Monitoring vital signs and mental status is crucial in patients with suspected hepatitis as they may develop complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, which can lead to changes in mental status.

Choice B rationale:

Administering prescribed medications and fluids is important to support the patient's liver function and manage symptoms of hepatitis. Antiviral medications may be used to treat certain types of viral hepatitis.

Choice C rationale:

Educating the patient about hepatitis vaccines is not applicable in a patient with suspected hepatitis since vaccines are used for prevention and are not effective in treating an ongoing infection.

Choice D rationale:

Encouraging the patient to engage in high-impact exercise is not recommended in patients with suspected hepatitis, as strenuous physical activity may worsen hepatic injury or lead to complications.

Choice E rationale:

Implementing infection control measures to prevent transmission is crucial in suspected hepatitis cases, as the disease can spread through contact with contaminated blood or body fluids. Standard precautions should be followed to prevent healthcare-associated infections and protect others from contracting the virus.