For the client mentioned above (nausea/vomiting, Salmonella infection), the nurse anticipates an order for which of the following IV fluids?
3% Sodium Chloride slow continuous infusion
Dextrose 10% in water rapid bolus infusion
0.9% Sodium Chloride with 40 mEq Potassium (KCl) rapid bolus infusion
Lactated Ringers rapid bolus
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This statement is false. 3% Sodium Chloride is a hypertonic solution that can cause fluid overload, hypernatremia, and cellular dehydration. It is not indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who is likely to have fluid and electrolyte losses.
Choice B reason: This statement is false. Dextrose 10% in water is a hypotonic solution that can cause fluid shifts, hyponatremia, and cellular edema. It is not indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who is likely to have fluid and electrolyte losses.
Choice C reason: This statement is true. 0.9% Sodium Chloride with 40 mEq Potassium (KCl) is an isotonic solution that can maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. It is indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who is likely to have fluid and electrolyte losses, especially sodium and potassium.
Choice D reason: This statement is false. Lactated Ringers is an isotonic solution that can maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, but it also contains lactate, which can be converted to bicarbonate in the liver. It is not indicated for a patient with nausea, vomiting, and Salmonella infection, who may have metabolic acidosis due to diarrhea and lactate accumulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is false. Edema is a sign of fluid overload, not fluid deficit. Edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the interstitial space due to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased plasma oncotic pressure. Edema is more common in patients with heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease¹.
Choice B reason: This statement is false. Skin turgor is a measure of skin elasticity and hydration. It can be affected by factors such as age, skin condition, and ambient temperature. Skin turgor is not a reliable indicator of fluid balance, as it can be normal in patients with mild to moderate hypovolemia².
Choice C reason: This statement is false. Urine output is a measure of kidney function and fluid excretion. It can be influenced by factors such as fluid intake, diuretics, hormones, and renal diseases. Urine output is not a sensitive indicator of fluid balance, as it can be normal or even increased in patients with hypovolemia due to compensatory mechanisms.
Choice D reason: This statement is true. Daily weight is a measure of body mass and fluid status. It can reflect changes in fluid balance more accurately than other methods, as long as the weight is measured at the same time, on the same scale, and with the same clothing each day. A decrease in weight can indicate fluid loss due to hypovolemia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: 363 is not the correct answer. This is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for an infant who weighs 3.5 kg, not 16 kg. The formula for calculating the daily maintenance fluid requirement for infants who weigh between 3.5 and 10 kg is 100 mL/kg¹.
Choice B reason: 727 is not the correct answer. This is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for an infant who weighs 10 kg, not 16 kg. The formula for calculating the daily maintenance fluid requirement for infants who weigh between 10 and 20 kg is 1000 mL plus 50 mL for every kg over 10¹.
Choice C reason: 1300 is the correct answer. This is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for an infant who weighs 16 kg. The formula for calculating the daily maintenance fluid requirement for infants who weigh between 10 and 20 kg is 1000 mL plus 50 mL for every kg over 10¹. Therefore, for an infant who weighs 16 kg, the daily maintenance fluid requirement is 1000 mL plus 50 mL times 6, which equals 1300 mL.
Choice D reason: 1600 is not the correct answer. This is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for an infant who weighs 20 kg, not 16 kg. The formula for calculating the daily maintenance fluid requirement for infants who weigh between 10 and 20 kg is 1000 mL plus 50 mL for every kg over 10¹. For infants who weigh more than 20 kg, the formula is 1500 mL plus 20 mL for every kg over 20¹.
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