For a bedridden Muslim patient, the nurse rearranges the room and moves the bed so that it faces toward Mecca for the patient's daily prayers. Which of the following is the nurse demonstrating through these actions?

A. Being bitten by an infected mosquito: A vector is an organism (e.g., a mosquito, tick, or flea) that transmits pathogens from one host to another. Mosquitoes transmit diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus.

B. A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands: This describes direct contact transmission, not vector-borne transmission.

C. Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta: This describes vertical transmission (from mother to child during pregnancy), not vector-borne transmission.

D. Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda: This describes indirect contact transmission through fomites (contaminated objects), not vector-borne transmission.

A. Toxicologist: Toxicologists specialize in studying the effects of chemicals on living organisms, including how chemicals interact with biological systems and potential toxic effects.

B. Chemist: A chemist studies the properties, composition, and reactions of substances but may not focus on physiological effects on the body.

C. Epidemiologist: An epidemiologist studies disease patterns in populations, including environmental exposures, but does not specialize in the physiological effects of chemicals.

D. Pharmacist: A pharmacist specializes in medications, including their mechanisms and interactions, but may not have in-depth knowledge of all chemical toxins.