During the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, which of the following occurs?
Urine output (UO) completely stops.
Urine output (UO) is less than 400 mL/24 hours.
Urine output (UO) is not measured.
Urine output (UO) is greater than 500 mL/24 hours.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Urine output (UO) does not completely stop during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure. While it is significantly reduced, some urine production still occurs. Complete cessation of urine output is known as anuria, which is a more severe condition and a medical emergency.
Anuria may occur in the most severe cases of acute renal failure, but it is not the defining characteristic of the oliguric phase.
It's crucial to distinguish between oliguria and anuria, as their management approaches differ significantly.
Choice B rationale:
During the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, urine output (UO) is less than 400 mL/24 hours. This is the defining characteristic of this phase.
The decrease in urine output is due to damage to the kidneys' filtering units, known as nephrons. As a result, the kidneys are unable to filter waste products and excess fluids effectively from the blood, leading to their accumulation in the body.
This reduced urine output can lead to various complications, including fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and a buildup of waste products in the blood (uremia).
Choice C rationale:
Urine output (UO) is always measured during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure. It is a vital clinical indicator to monitor the severity of kidney dysfunction and guide treatment decisions.
Accurate measurement of urine output is essential for assessing fluid balance, kidney function, and the effectiveness of treatment interventions.
Choice D rationale:
Urine output (UO) is not greater than 500 mL/24 hours during the oliguric phase of acute renal failure. A urine output greater than 500 mL/24 hours would indicate a non-oliguric phase of acute renal failure or a potential recovery phase.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
The nuchal translucency test (NT) is a non-invasive ultrasound screening test that measures the thickness of the fluid-filled space at the back of a developing baby's neck.
Evidence suggests that fetuses with Down syndrome tend to have increased fluid accumulation in this area, resulting in a larger-than-average nuchal translucency measurement.
Therefore, an increased NT measurement can be a marker for an increased risk of Down syndrome.
It's important to emphasize that the NT test is a screening tool, not a diagnostic test.
This means it can only indicate an increased risk of Down syndrome; it cannot definitively diagnose the condition.
To confirm a diagnosis, further testing, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis, is required.
Choice B rationale:
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects that affect the brain, spine, or spinal cord.
The most common NTDs are spina bifida and anencephaly.
The NT test is not a diagnostic test for NTDs, although it might detect some cases of open spina bifida.
However, it's not specifically designed for this purpose, and other tests, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening or detailed ultrasound, are more reliable for diagnosing NTDs.
Choice C rationale:
The NT test is typically performed in the first trimester of pregnancy, between 11 and 14 weeks gestation.
It's not available in the second trimester because the nuchal translucency measurement becomes less reliable after this point in pregnancy.
Choice D rationale:
A nuchal translucency measurement of 3mm or less is generally considered normal.
Measurements greater than 3mm are associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
The higher the measurement, the greater the risk.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
The nuchal translucency test (NT) is a non-invasive ultrasound screening test that measures the thickness of the fluid-filled space at the back of a developing baby's neck.
Evidence suggests that fetuses with Down syndrome tend to have increased fluid accumulation in this area, resulting in a larger-than-average nuchal translucency measurement.
Therefore, an increased NT measurement can be a marker for an increased risk of Down syndrome.
It's important to emphasize that the NT test is a screening tool, not a diagnostic test.
This means it can only indicate an increased risk of Down syndrome; it cannot definitively diagnose the condition.
To confirm a diagnosis, further testing, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis, is required.
Choice B rationale:
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects that affect the brain, spine, or spinal cord.
The most common NTDs are spina bifida and anencephaly.
The NT test is not a diagnostic test for NTDs, although it might detect some cases of open spina bifida.
However, it's not specifically designed for this purpose, and other tests, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening or detailed ultrasound, are more reliable for diagnosing NTDs.
Choice C rationale:
The NT test is typically performed in the first trimester of pregnancy, between 11 and 14 weeks gestation.
It's not available in the second trimester because the nuchal translucency measurement becomes less reliable after this point in pregnancy.
Choice D rationale:
A nuchal translucency measurement of 3mm or less is generally considered normal.
Measurements greater than 3mm are associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
The higher the measurement, the greater the risk.
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