During the initial stage of shock, which manifestation should the nurse monitor for when assessing the client?

Oliguria.

Hypotension.

Respiratory alkalosis.

Hypoxia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Oliguria. Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is a manifestation that occurs later as shock progresses and renal perfusion decreases. It is not typically seen in the initial stage of shock.

Choice B reason: Hypotension. Hypotension generally appears in the compensatory and progressive stages of shock as the body's compensatory mechanisms begin to fail. In the initial stage, blood pressure may still be maintained by compensatory mechanisms.

Choice C reason: Respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis is more likely to occur during the compensatory stage of shock due to hyperventilation as the body attempts to compensate for hypoxia. It is not anticipated in the initial stage of shock.

Choice D reason: Hypoxia. During the initial stage of shock, the body's cells and tissues begin to experience hypoxia due to reduced oxygen delivery. This is an early manifestation that the nurse should monitor for.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Decreased systemic vascular resistance, decreased CVP. In hypovolemic shock, the body compensates by increasing systemic vascular resistance to maintain blood pressure. Therefore, decreased systemic vascular resistance is not consistent with hypovolemic shock. Central venous pressure (CVP) would be low due to reduced blood volume.

Choice B reason: Increased systemic vascular resistance, decreased CVP. Hypovolemic shock is characterized by low blood volume, leading to decreased cardiac output and low CVP. The body compensates by increasing systemic vascular resistance to maintain blood pressure, making this the correct answer.

Choice C reason: Increased systemic vascular resistance, increased CVP. While systemic vascular resistance increases, CVP is typically decreased in hypovolemic shock due to the lack of circulating blood volume.

Choice D reason: Decreased systemic vascular resistance, increased CVP. Decreased systemic vascular resistance and increased CVP are not consistent with hypovolemic shock. These parameters might be seen in conditions with different hemodynamic profiles.

A. severe blood loss as a result of trauma. B. catatonia as a result of a psychological disturbance. C. tachycardia and hypotension. D. an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Severe blood loss due to trauma can lead to hypovolemic shock, a specific type of shock. However, this description is not comprehensive enough to cover the pathophysiology of all types of shock. Shock involves various mechanisms and can occur due to different underlying causes beyond just blood loss, such as cardiac failure, infections, or neurological issues.

Choice B reason:

Catatonia is a state of psychomotor immobility and behavioral abnormality stemming from psychological disturbances, not a direct feature of shock. While mental status changes can be a symptom of shock, catatonia itself is not a defining characteristic of the condition. The pathophysiology of shock involves physiological imbalances rather than purely psychological disturbances.

Choice C reason:

Tachycardia (increased heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure) are symptoms that can occur during shock, but they do not describe the underlying pathophysiology. These signs are the body's response to the decreased perfusion and oxygen delivery to tissues. The fundamental issue in shock is the failure to meet the body's metabolic demands due to impaired oxygen delivery, which is better captured by another option.

Choice D reason:

An imbalance between oxygen supply and demand is the core issue in all types of shock. Whether due to blood loss, heart failure, or systemic infection, shock results in insufficient oxygen delivery to meet the needs of tissues and organs. This imbalance leads to cellular hypoxia and subsequent organ dysfunction, encapsulating the essential pathophysiological process of shock.

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During the initial stage of shock, which manifestation should the nurse monitor for when assessing the client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse understands that which hemodynamic parameters are consistent with hypovolemic shock? Decreased cardiac output and:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The pathophysiology of shock is best described as:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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