Cardiac output (CO) equals:

Stroke volume x heart rate.

Afterload x preload.

Ejection fraction x blood pressure.

Systolic x diastolic BP.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Stroke volume x heart rate. Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat) by the heart rate (the number of beats per minute).

Choice B reason: Afterload x preload. Afterload and preload are important factors influencing cardiac function but do not directly calculate cardiac output. Afterload refers to the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood, and preload refers to the initial stretching of the heart muscle prior to contraction.

Choice C reason: Ejection fraction x blood pressure. Ejection fraction is a measure of the percentage of blood ejected from the heart with each beat, and blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. These factors influence cardiac function but do not directly calculate cardiac output.

Choice D reason: Systolic x diastolic BP. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure are measurements of pressure during heartbeats and between beats, respectively. They are not used to calculate cardiac output.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Elevating the head of the bed is a common practice in patient care but is not directly related to preventing hypovolemic shock. This action can help with respiratory comfort and drainage but does not address fluid balance or blood volume, which are critical in preventing hypovolemic shock.

Choice B reason:

Providing immediate pain relief is important for patient comfort and recovery but does not directly prevent hypovolemic shock. While controlling pain can reduce stress on the body, it does not address the fluid and blood volume concerns central to preventing hypovolemic shock.

Choice C reason:

Monitoring intake and output is crucial in preventing hypovolemic shock, especially in postoperative patients. This helps to ensure that fluid balance is maintained, and any significant losses (e.g., through bleeding, vomiting, or excessive drainage) are promptly addressed. Accurate monitoring allows for early intervention to prevent hypovolemic shock.

Choice D reason:

Practicing careful and consistent hand hygiene is essential for preventing infections, which can lead to septic shock, but it is not directly related to preventing hypovolemic shock. While important, hand hygiene does not specifically address the fluid and blood volume issues involved in hypovolemic shock.

A. Hypotension B. Change in mental status C. Bradycardia D. Warm, edematous skin

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a common feature in all types of shock, including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and septic shock. It is not specific to neurogenic shock and therefore does not help in distinguishing it from other forms of shock.

Choice B reason:

A change in mental status, such as confusion or decreased consciousness, can occur in many types of shock due to decreased cerebral perfusion. This symptom is not unique to neurogenic shock and can be seen in hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and septic shock as well.

Choice C reason:

Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is a hallmark of neurogenic shock. This occurs due to disruption of the sympathetic nervous system, which normally maintains a higher heart rate through sympathetic stimulation. In neurogenic shock, the loss of sympathetic tone leads to unopposed parasympathetic activity, resulting in bradycardia. This is in contrast to other forms of shock, which typically present with tachycardia.

Choice D reason:

Warm, edematous skin is not typically associated with neurogenic shock. This symptom may be more relevant in septic shock, where widespread vasodilation can lead to warm skin. However, it is not specific enough to distinguish neurogenic shock from other types of shock.

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Cardiac output (CO) equals:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from surgery. What action should the nurse perform to prevent the onset of hypovolemic shock?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

What clinical manifestation distinguishes or separates neurogenic shock from other forms of shock?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart's pumping ability is compromised. What can impair the pumping ability of the heart? Select all that apply.

Which assessment findings indicate to the nurse that a client is exhibiting early clinical manifestations of the compensatory stage of shock? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is caring for a patient who is the victim of a traumatic motor vehicle accident. Vital signs are: T-98.8 oral, P-140, B/P-86/52, R-28, pulse oximetry-92% on room air. The nurse would suspect which type of shock?

The nurse caring for a client in the early stages of hypovolemic shock who is hyperventilating. The nurse monitors for which acid-base imbalance based on this clinical presentation?

Cardiac output (CO) equals:

The nurse understands that which hemodynamic parameters are consistent with hypovolemic shock? Decreased cardiac output and:

The compensatory stage of shock results in what assessment findings?

During the initial stage of shock, which manifestation should the nurse monitor for when assessing the client?