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During labor, which of the following is a characteristic of early decelerations in fetal heart rate?

A.

Gradual decrease in FHR that mirrors uterine contractions

B.

Abrupt decrease in FHR with rapid recovery

C.

Increase in FHR of at least 15 beats lasting at least 15 seconds

D.

Decrease in FHR after the peak of uterine contractions

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Gradual decrease in FHR that mirrors uterine contractions. Early decelerations are caused by fetal head compression during contractions, leading to a gradual, uniform decrease in FHR that mirrors the contraction. This is a benign finding and does not require intervention.

B. Abrupt decrease in FHR with rapid recovery. This describes variable decelerations, which are caused by umbilical cord compression and require intervention.

C. Increase in FHR of at least 15 beats lasting at least 15 seconds. This describes accelerations, which are a reassuring sign of fetal well-being.

D. Decrease in FHR after the peak of uterine contractions. This describes late decelerations, which are associated with uteroplacental insufficiency and require intervention.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Parity: In GPTAL (Gravida, Parity, Term, Abortions, Living children), "P" refers to parity, which indicates the number of pregnancies carried to 20 weeks or beyond, regardless of outcome.

B. Postpartum: "Postpartum" refers to the period after childbirth and is not part of the GPTAL system.

C. Primigravida: Primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time, which is represented by "G" (Gravida) in GPTAL, not "P."

D. Presentation: "Presentation" refers to the fetal part entering the birth canal first (e.g., cephalic, breech) and is unrelated to GPTAL.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "I will need to eat 600 more calories per day because I am pregnant." Pregnant clients with diabetes require careful calorie management. The recommended increase is about 300 kcal/day, not 600, to support fetal growth while maintaining glycemic control.

B. "I will plan my diet based on the results of urine glucose testing." Urine glucose testing is not a reliable indicator of blood glucose control because it does not reflect real-time fluctuations. Clients should base dietary adjustments on blood glucose monitoring.

C. "I can continue with the same diet as before pregnancy as long as it is well balanced." Pregnancy alters insulin needs, requiring dietary modifications to maintain blood glucose control. Carbohydrate intake must be carefully regulated to prevent hyperglycemia.

D. "Diet and insulin needs change during pregnancy." Hormonal changes in pregnancy increase insulin resistance, necessitating adjustments in diet and insulin therapy to maintain optimal blood glucose levels.

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