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During antibody-mediated immunity, what do B cells produce to help eliminate pathogens?

A.

Cytokines

B.

Cytotoxic granules

C.

Antibodies

D.

Perforin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Explanation: During antibody-mediated immunity, B cells produce antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that specifically recognize and bind to antigens on the surface of pathogens or foreign substances. This binding marks the pathogens for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizes their harmful effects.

Incorrect choices:

a. Cytokines are small proteins that serve as signaling molecules in the immune system, regulating the behavior and activity of immune cells. B cells can secrete cytokines, but their primary function is antibody production.

b. Cytotoxic granules contain substances like perforin and granzymes and are released by cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in infected or abnormal cells. B cells do not produce cytotoxic granules.

d. Perforin is a protein released by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to create pores in the membrane of infected cells, leading to cell death. B cells do not produce perforin.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Explanation: Antigens are unique molecules or proteins present on the surface of cells, including pathogens. The immune system can recognize these antigens as "non-self" and mount an immune response to eliminate them while sparing the body's own cells, which display different antigens that are recognized as "self."

Incorrect choices:

b. Recognizing different blood types is relevant for blood transfusions but not a primary mechanism of distinguishing self from non-self by the immune system.

c. Monitoring hormone levels in the body is not directly related to the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self.

d. Cytokines are signaling molecules released by immune cells to regulate the immune response but are not the primary means of distinguishing self from non-self.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: At 2 months of age, infants are recommended to receive the DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella and is usually administered at a later age. The hepatitis B vaccine is given shortly after birth, and the varicella vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age.

Incorrect choices:

a. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, not whooping cough (pertussis).

b. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given shortly after birth, not at 2 months of age.

d. The varicella vaccine is usually administered at 12 months of age, not at 2 months.

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