During a health education session, a participant asked the nurse about the hepatitis B virus. What measure will the nurse recommend for preventing infection with this virus?
Following proper handwashing and use of masks.
Avoiding chemicals that are toxic and polluted air.
Public health education and vaccination.
Limiting alcohol intake of red and white wine.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Following proper handwashing and use of masks: While handwashing and wearing masks are important infection control measures, they are not specific to preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. While HBV can be present in blood and certain body fluids, such as semen and vaginal fluids, the primary modes of transmission are through activities that involve percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as unprotected sex, sharing needles, or accidental needlesticks. While hand hygiene and mask use are crucial in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of various infections, including HBV, they may not offer sufficient protection against HBV transmission in all situations.
B. Avoiding chemicals that are toxic and polluted air: While avoiding toxic chemicals and polluted air is important for overall health and may support liver health indirectly, it is not directly related to preventing HBV infection. HBV is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids rather than environmental factors such as air pollution or exposure to toxic chemicals.
C. Public health education and vaccination: This is the most appropriate measure for preventing HBV infection. Public health education plays a crucial role in raising awareness about the risks of HBV transmission and promoting behaviors that reduce the risk of exposure, such as safe sex practices, avoiding sharing needles, and seeking medical care for potential exposures. Additionally, vaccination against HBV is highly effective in preventing infection and is recommended for all individuals, particularly those at increased risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers, people with multiple sexual partners, and individuals who inject drugs. Vaccination not only protects vaccinated individuals but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the overall prevalence of HBV in the population.
D. Limiting alcohol intake of red and white wine: While limiting alcohol intake is important for liver health, particularly in individuals with liver disease, it is not specifically aimed at preventing HBV infection. Excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to liver damage and may exacerbate liver disease in individuals infected with HBV. However, it does not directly address the risk of HBV transmission.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Injection of drugs:
Hepatitis E is not primarily spread through the injection of drugs. While injection drug use can increase the risk of hepatitis B and C transmission, hepatitis E is typically spread through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated water or food.
B. Semen:
Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route and is not commonly spread through semen. Sexual transmission of hepatitis E is rare compared to other types of viral hepatitis, and the primary mode of transmission is ingestion of contaminated food or water.
C. Fecal-oral:
The fecal-oral route is the primary mode of transmission for hepatitis E. This means that the virus is spread through ingestion of food or water contaminated with fecal matter containing the virus. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices are common risk factors for hepatitis E transmission.
D. Blood:
Unlike hepatitis B and C, hepatitis E is not primarily transmitted through blood exposure. While transmission through blood transfusions or organ transplants has been reported in some cases, the main mode of transmission for hepatitis E is ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Let your provider know if a new cough occurs:
This teaching is essential because lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is associated with a potential side effect of a persistent, dry cough. Notifying the healthcare provider if a new cough develops allows for appropriate management, such as discontinuation or adjustment of the medication to alleviate the symptom.
B. Take the medication on a full stomach:
Taking lisinopril with or without food is acceptable, as it does not significantly affect its absorption. However, taking it on an empty stomach is often recommended to optimize absorption. Advising the patient to take the medication on a full stomach is incorrect and may lead to misunderstandings.
C. This medication will not cause edema:
Lisinopril, as an ACE inhibitor, may actually cause or exacerbate edema as a side effect. It can lead to vasodilation and fluid retention, particularly in susceptible individuals. Providing incorrect information about the medication's potential side effects can compromise patient understanding and safety.
D. Eat a high potassium diet:
Lisinopril can increase serum potassium levels, so instructing the patient to consume a high-potassium diet may exacerbate this effect and lead to hyperkalemia. While dietary potassium intake should be monitored, advising a high-potassium diet without proper guidance can pose risks to the patient's health.
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