As the nurse caring for an infant who has been prescribed Amoxicillin (Amoxil) orally every 6 hours, you need to calculate the dose.

The recommended dosage is 50 mg/kg/day, divided into multiple doses.

If the infant weighs 6 kg, how much Amoxicillin should you administer per dose?

Choice A rationale

Elevated AFP levels are not typically associated with Down syndrome. In fact, pregnancies with Down syndrome often show decreased levels of AFP in maternal serum screening. AFP is a protein produced by the fetal liver, and its levels vary depending on developmental abnormalities like neural tube defects, not chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome.

Choice B rationale

Elevated AFP levels in a pregnant patient indicate potential neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Spina bifida results from incomplete closure of the fetal neural tube during early pregnancy, leading to exposure of neural tissues. AFP leaks into the maternal serum through this defect, thus raising its concentration significantly, which serves as a marker.

Choice C rationale

AFP levels are generally low in cases of Down syndrome due to chromosomal anomalies. Trisomy 21 pregnancies display distinctive serum markers, including decreased AFP. Elevated AFP does not signify Down syndrome because the pathology involves a different spectrum of physiological abnormalities.

Choice D rationale

While spina bifida is indeed a condition associated with elevated AFP, this statement is less accurate due to the phrasing. AFP elevations serve as an indicator rather than definitive confirmation of spina bifida. Further diagnostic tests like ultrasonography or amniocentesis are needed to confirm the condition.

Choice A rationale

Cracked, peeling skin is typical of postmature infants due to prolonged exposure to amniotic fluid. Reduced vernix caseosa, which normally protects the skin, exacerbates this peeling.

Choice B rationale

A positive Moro reflex is an expected neurologic finding in postmature infants, demonstrating an intact central nervous system. Persistence or absence may indicate neurologic compromise requiring further evaluation.

Choice C rationale

Creases covering the soles of the feet are common in postmature infants due to advanced physical maturity. Increased plantar creasing correlates with gestational age and tissue development.

Choice D rationale

Postmature infants often have long, hardened fingernails rather than short, soft nails. Extended gestation promotes additional growth, distinguishing them from premature or term neonates.

Choice E rationale

Vernix is typically absent or minimal in postmature infants due to its absorption after 40 weeks of gestation. Limited vernix increases the risk of skin desquamation and irritation.