As the nurse caring for an infant who has been prescribed Amoxicillin (Amoxil) orally every 6 hours, you need to calculate the dose.

The recommended dosage is 50 mg/kg/day, divided into multiple doses.

If the infant weighs 6 kg, how much Amoxicillin should you administer per dose?

Choice A rationale

A large bruise on the forehead of a 2-year-old could occur from accidental falls, which are common at this developmental stage due to increased mobility and decreased coordination. It does not necessarily suggest abuse unless accompanied by other suspicious findings.

Choice B rationale

Circular abrasions around the wrists are highly indicative of physical abuse as they suggest binding injuries. Restraining a child is neither acceptable nor normal, and such findings must be reported for further investigation by child protective services.

Choice C rationale

A burn on the palm of a 10-year-old’s hand raises concerns for abuse as accidental burns usually occur on accessible areas like arms or legs, not the palm. This pattern could indicate intentional infliction, requiring mandatory reporting to authorities.

Choice D rationale

Splash burns on the front torso in a 6-year-old are suspicious if inconsistent with the child’s developmental abilities or history provided by caregivers. Intentional scald burns often follow specific patterns, like splash marks, and must be reported for investigation.

Choice A rationale

Infrequent or inconsistent feedings lead to milk stasis, providing an environment conducive to bacterial growth, which can result in mastitis. Proper breastfeeding frequency ensures milk drainage, reducing stasis and infection risk. Milk stasis is a primary contributor to the development of mastitis, emphasizing the importance of regular feeding practices.

Choice B rationale

Nipple cracks and fissures are a direct portal for bacterial entry, increasing the likelihood of infection in the lactiferous ducts. Staphylococcus aureus, commonly present on the skin, can invade through damaged tissue, resulting in mastitis. Proper nipple care and hygiene are essential in prevention.

Choice C rationale

Gradual weaning allows for a decrease in milk production, preventing engorgement and stasis, which reduces the risk of mastitis. Gradual weaning gives the mammary glands time to adapt. Mastitis is more commonly associated with abrupt changes in feeding patterns or milk stasis rather than controlled weaning processes.

Choice D rationale

Engorgement from oversupply creates increased intraductal pressure, which can lead to blocked ducts and milk stasis, creating conditions favorable for bacterial growth. Engorgement needs prompt management to prevent secondary infections such as mastitis, particularly in lactating individuals.