An hour after a left thoracotomy, a patient reports incisional pain at a level 7 (based on 0 to 10 scale) and has decreased left-sided breath sounds. The pleural drainage system has 100 mL of bloody drainage. Which action would the nurse take?

Choice A reason: Repositioning may ease discomfort but won’t address severe pain (7/10) or reduced breath sounds post-thoracotomy. It risks dislodging tubes and doesn’t improve atelectasis or bleeding, lacking urgency for this acute scenario.

Choice B reason: Incentive spirometry prevents atelectasis, but pain limits participation. Decreased breath sounds suggest collapse, yet without pain control, this intervention is ineffective, delaying relief and lung expansion needed post-surgery.

Choice C reason: Clamping a chest tube risks tension pneumothorax by trapping air or blood, worsening breathing. With 100 mL drainage, it’s functioning; clamping is contraindicated unless ordered, making it dangerous here.

Choice D reason: Morphine reduces severe pain (7/10), enabling deeper breathing to reverse atelectasis. It addresses the primary barrier to recovery post-thoracotomy, improving ventilation and comfort, aligning with acute pain management protocols.

Choice A reason: Identifying triggers (e.g., allergens, exercise) prevents asthma exacerbations by avoiding bronchoconstriction causes. It empowers Sara to control exposure, a cornerstone of asthma education supported by evidence for long-term management success.

Choice B reason: Health promotion, like vaccinations and smoking cessation, reduces asthma triggers and infections. It strengthens overall respiratory health, a key teaching point to minimize exacerbations and improve Sara’s quality of life.

Choice C reason: Stress management reduces anxiety, a known asthma trigger via hyperventilation or vagal response. Techniques like deep breathing help Sara maintain control, making it a vital component of comprehensive asthma education.

Choice D reason: Keeping a journal tracks symptoms, triggers, and medication use, aiding asthma control. It provides data for healthcare adjustments, empowering Sara with self-monitoring, a proven strategy in personalized asthma management plans.

Choice E reason: Starting a running program risks exacerbating asthma via exercise-induced bronchospasm, especially without control. It’s not suitable teaching; gradual activity with medical clearance is safer, not an initial recommendation.