An African American woman noticed some bruises on her newborn girl's buttocks.
She asks the nurse who spanked her daughter.
The nurse explains that these marks are called:
Mongolian spots.
Lanugo.
Nevus flammeus.
Vascular nevus.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Mongolian spots are benign, flat bluish or bluish-gray birthmarks that commonly appear on the buttocks, lower back, or thighs of newborns, particularly those with darker skin tones, including African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics. They are caused by the entrapment of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) deep within the dermis during fetal development. These spots typically fade spontaneously within a few years and are not indicative of any underlying medical condition or trauma.
Choice B rationale
Lanugo is fine, downy hair that covers the body of some newborns, especially preterm infants. It is usually shed within the last few weeks of gestation or shortly after birth and is unrelated to bruising or pigmented spots on the buttocks.
Choice C rationale
Nevus flammeus, also known as a port-wine stain, is a vascular malformation of the skin that appears as a flat, pink, red, or purple birthmark. It is caused by dilated capillaries and does not typically occur as bluish spots on the buttocks. Port-wine stains are usually permanent and may darken with age.
Choice D rationale
Vascular nevus, also known as a strawberry hemangioma, is a raised, red, bumpy birthmark composed of extra blood vessels. While it is a type of birthmark, it does not present as flat, bluish spots on the buttocks. Hemangiomas typically grow rapidly in the first few months of life and then gradually shrink over several years.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["7"]
Explanation
Step 1: Heart rate of 110/min scores 2 points (normal heart rate >100).
Step 2: Slow weak cry scores 1 point (good strong cry scores 2, no cry scores 0).
Step 3: Some flexion of extremities scores 1 point (active movement scores 2, limp scores 0).
Step 4: Grimace in response to suctioning scores 1 point (coughing or sneezing scores 2, no response scores 0).
Step 5: Body pink, blue extremities scores 1 point (completely pink scores 2, completely blue or pale scores 0).
Step 6: Total Apgar score is the sum of the scores from each category: 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 7. Final calculated answer: 7.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The ventrogluteal muscle, located in the hip, is a safe site for intramuscular injections in adults and children older than seven months due to its distance from major nerves and blood vessels. However, the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh is the preferred site for IM injections in newborns and infants due to its well-developed muscle mass and accessibility.
Choice B rationale
The deltoid muscle, located in the upper arm, is small and not well-developed in newborns, making it an unsuitable site for intramuscular injections. There is also a risk of injury to the brachial nerve and blood vessels in this area in neonates.
Choice C rationale
The dorsogluteal muscle, located in the buttocks, is no longer the recommended site for intramuscular injections in infants and young children due to the proximity of the sciatic nerve and major blood vessels, increasing the risk of nerve damage.
Choice D rationale
The vastus lateralis muscle, located on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, is the recommended site for intramuscular injections in newborns. It is a large, well-developed muscle that is easily accessible and away from major nerves and blood vessels, making it a safe and effective site for administering vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
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