An adult patient presents with a complaint of a cough that has lasted for two weeks. The patient has a rapid, shallow respiratory rate of 34 breaths per minute. Auscultation of the lungs reveals bilateral rhonchi in the upper lobes and diminished breath sounds in the bilateral lower lobes. The patient is diagnosed with bilateral pneumonia and respiratory alkalosis. What is the expected arterial blood gas laboratory value for this patient?
pH 7.5 and PaCO2 32 mm Hg
pH 6.5 and PaCO2 40 mm Hg
pH 6.5 and PaCO2 32 mm Hg
pH 7.5 and PaCO2 40 mm Hg
The Correct Answer is A
Respiratory alkalosis is a condition where the blood's pH is elevated due to excessive removal of CO2 from the body. This can occur when the breathing rate is too fast or deep, such as in response to hypoxia, anxiety, fever, or lung disease. When CO2 is removed from the blood, less H2CO3 is formed, which raises the blood's pH by decreasing the concentration of H+ and HCO3- . A normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45, and a normal partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is between 35- and 45 mm Hg. Therefore, a patient with respiratory alkalosis would have a higher-than-normal pH and a lower-than-normal PaCO2.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Excessive metabolic waste is a sign of end-stage renal disease, which is the final stage of chronic kidney disease that causes irreversible loss of kidney function and requires dialysis or transplantation to sustain life. End-stage renal disease can cause uremia, which is a buildup of waste products such as urea, creatinine, potassium, phosphate, and acid in the blood that can affect various organs and systems in the body.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
a. Air bubble in the artery or vein- thromboembolism (air embolism, occurs when air
enters the bloodstream and blocks blood flow to vital organs. It can be caused by
trauma, surgery, injection, or diving)
b. Bulging sac of blood in an artery- aneurysm (it occurs when a weak spot in an artery
wall balloons out and fills with blood. It can be caused by high blood pressure,
atherosclerosis, infection, or genetic factors)
c. Clot of blood in an artery- thrombus (arterial thrombosis, which occurs when a blood
clot forms in an artery and blocks blood flow to tissues or organs. It can be caused by
atherosclerosis, injury, inflammation, or hypercoagulable states)
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