After traveling through the AV node, an electrical impulse travels to which of the following components of an effective cardiac conduction system?

A. Bundle branches:
The bundle branches are components of the cardiac conduction system that the electrical impulse reaches after it passes through the Bundle of His. These branches carry the impulse down the interventricular septum towards the Purkinje fibers. The bundle branches do not directly follow the AV node in the sequence of conduction.

B. Purkinje fibers:
Purkinje fibers are the final part of the cardiac conduction system that receives the electrical impulse. These fibers distribute the impulse throughout the ventricles, causing them to contract. However, the impulse must first pass through the Bundle of His and bundle branches before reaching the Purkinje fibers.

C. SA node:
The SA node (sinoatrial node. is the heart's natural pacemaker, where the electrical impulse originates. The impulse travels from the SA node to the AV node before it proceeds to the Bundle of His. Therefore, the SA node is involved earlier in the conduction pathway, not after the AV node.

D. Bundle of His:
After the electrical impulse passes through the AV node, it travels to the Bundle of His. The Bundle of His serves as the pathway for the impulse to move from the atria to the ventricles, making it the correct answer. This structure is critical for ensuring that the impulse is properly conducted to the ventricles to facilitate coordinated contraction.

A. Ureters are fibrotic tubes connecting the kidneys to the urinary bladder:
Ureters are not simply fibrotic tubes; they are muscular, tubular structures that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The term "fibrotic" does not accurately describe their functional and structural properties.

B. Ureters are covered by an outer layer of epithelial tissue:
While ureters are lined with epithelial tissue (transitional epithelium. , this is not their outermost layer. They have a more complex structure with an outer layer of connective tissue, a middle layer of smooth muscle, and an inner layer of epithelial tissue.

C. Ureters are connected inside the urinary bladder by a two-way valve:
Ureters are connected to the urinary bladder via openings, but these openings are not equipped with a two-way valve. Instead, they are equipped with a mechanism that prevents backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters.

D. Ureters are extraperitoneal tubular structures:
The ureters are indeed extraperitoneal, meaning they are located outside the peritoneal cavity. They are retroperitoneal structures that run posterior to the peritoneum, making this the correct statement.