After teaching a nursing student about mitral valve stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation, the nurse identifies effective learning when the student identifies which common feature of both disorders?
Hemoptysis
High-pitched holosystolic murmur
Hepatomegaly
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason:
Hemoptysis, or coughing up blood, is a common feature of both mitral valve stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation. In mitral valve stenosis, the narrowing of the valve leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary veins, which can cause pulmonary congestion and hemoptysis. Similarly, in mitral valve regurgitation, the backflow of blood into the left atrium increases pulmonary pressure, potentially leading to pulmonary edema and hemoptysis. Therefore, hemoptysis is a shared symptom of both conditions.
Choice B Reason:
A high-pitched holosystolic murmur is more commonly associated with mitral valve regurgitation rather than mitral valve stenosis. In mitral valve regurgitation, the murmur is caused by the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole3. Mitral valve stenosis, on the other hand, typically presents with a diastolic murmur due to the turbulent flow of blood through the narrowed valve during diastole. Therefore, a high-pitched holosystolic murmur is not a common feature of both disorders.
Choice C Reason:
Hepatomegaly, or an enlarged liver, can occur in advanced cases of both mitral valve stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation due to right-sided heart failure. However, it is not a primary or common feature of these conditions. Hepatomegaly is more often associated with conditions that directly affect the right side of the heart or cause systemic congestion. Therefore, hepatomegaly is not a common feature of both mitral valve stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Weight loss.
Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. This condition speeds up the body’s metabolism, causing the body to burn calories more quickly than usual. Despite an increased appetite, individuals with hyperthyroidism often experience significant weight loss. This symptom is a direct result of the overproduction of thyroid hormones, which increases the metabolic rate.
Choice B Reason:
Intolerance to cold.
Intolerance to cold is not typically associated with hyperthyroidism; it is more commonly a symptom of hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism usually causes heat intolerance due to the increased metabolic rate, which raises the body’s temperature. Therefore, this choice is not relevant to hyperthyroidism.
Choice C Reason:
An elevated systolic blood pressure.
An elevated systolic blood pressure can be a symptom of hyperthyroidism. The increased levels of thyroid hormones can cause the heart to work harder, leading to higher blood pressure. This symptom is important to monitor as it can lead to further cardiovascular complications if left untreated.
Choice D Reason:
A heart rate of 90 bpm.
A heart rate of 90 bpm is within the normal range for adults and is not specifically indicative of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism typically causes a rapid or irregular heartbeat, often exceeding 100 bpm. Therefore, this choice does not accurately reflect a clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism.
Choice E Reason:
Increased fatigability.
Increased fatigability is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism. Despite the increased metabolic rate, individuals with hyperthyroidism often feel tired and weak. This paradoxical symptom occurs because the body’s systems are overworked and cannot sustain the heightened activity levels, leading to fatigue.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Thirst is a common and expected symptom after an EGD, especially if the client has been fasting before the procedure. It does not typically indicate a complication and can be managed by gradually reintroducing fluids as tolerated. Therefore, thirst does not require further nursing assessment beyond routine post-procedure care.
Choice B Reason:
A sore throat is also a common symptom following an EGD. The procedure involves passing an endoscope through the throat, which can cause temporary irritation and discomfort. This symptom usually resolves on its own within a few days and does not indicate a serious complication. Therefore, a sore throat does not require further nursing assessment beyond providing comfort measures such as lozenges or warm saltwater gargles.
Choice C Reason:
Abdominal distention is a concerning symptom that requires further nursing assessment. It can indicate complications such as perforation, bleeding, or infection following the EGD. Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare but serious complication that can lead to peritonitis and sepsis if not promptly addressed. Therefore, any signs of abdominal distention should be reported to the provider immediately for further evaluation and intervention.
Choice D Reason:
Drowsiness is a common side effect of the sedatives used during the EGD procedure. It is expected that the client may feel drowsy or sleepy for a few hours after the procedure as the sedative wears off. This symptom does not typically require further nursing assessment unless it persists for an unusually long time or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as difficulty breathing or altered mental status.
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