After receiving Nembutal PO at bedtime, a client is wide awake all night instead of going to sleep. What kind of adverse reaction to a drug does this situation represent?

Toxic effect

Drug allergy

Idiosyncrasy

Drug tolerance

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Toxic effects involve overdose symptoms like coma; staying awake isn’t toxicity, as Nembutal’s sedative intent is reversed, not exaggerated, in this reaction.

Choice B reason: Drug allergy causes immune responses (e.g., rash); insomnia isn’t allergic, but a paradoxical effect, differing from hypersensitivity reactions entirely.

Choice C reason: Idiosyncrasy is an unexpected reaction; Nembutal, a barbiturate, should sedate, but wakefulness is an abnormal, individual response, fitting this category precisely.

Choice D reason: Tolerance reduces efficacy over time; this acute, opposite reaction to a sedative isn’t tolerance, but an immediate, unpredictable drug response.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Therapeutic effects define expected outcomes; knowing these (e.g., pain relief) lets the nurse assess if the drug meets its clinical goal effectively.

Choice B reason: Chemical composition informs structure, not outcome; it’s irrelevant to evaluating if the drug achieves its intended physiological effect directly.

Choice C reason: Mechanism explains how drugs work; it’s useful but secondary to knowing the actual therapeutic result needed for outcome assessment.

Choice D reason: Side effects monitor safety, not efficacy; they don’t directly measure if the drug achieves its primary therapeutic purpose as intended.

A. Topical B. Oral C. Buccal D. Sublingual

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Topical applies to skin or mucous surfaces broadly; gum/jaw placement is specific to buccal, not the general external or mucosal topical category.

Choice B reason: Oral means swallowed; buccal drugs stay in the mouth for absorption, avoiding the digestive tract, making this an incorrect route classification.

Choice C reason: Buccal involves placement between gum and cheek; it allows direct mucosal absorption into the bloodstream, bypassing first-pass metabolism effectively.

Choice D reason: Sublingual is under the tongue; gum/jaw specifies buccal, as sublingual targets a different oral site with distinct absorption dynamics.

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After receiving Nembutal PO at bedtime, a client is wide awake all night instead of going to sleep. What kind of adverse reaction to a drug does this situation represent?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing patient response to medications received. Which must the nurse know about these drugs to best evaluate whether the expected outcomes of the drug therapy have been achieved?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse explains to a client that the drug administration of a medication is to be placed between the gum and jaw. By which route is the nurse administering this medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Using the label, what is the strength of the medication? (No label; assuming Zestril from prior context.)

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When administering medications, a nurse must know a client's medical history and pharmacokinetics of prescribed medications because most drugs are metabolized in the:

Which assessment finding indicates that the patient is at risk from polypharmacy? (Select all that apply.)

A patient in pain requests the prescribed pain medication, which is an opioid. Which nursing assessment is essential before administering the opioid?

The nurse is reviewing medication errors. Which situation is an example of a medication error?