A pre-school age child with a congenital heart defect is brought to the clinic by the parent because of a fever and an earache. During the assessment, the parent asks the nurse why the child is at the 5th percentile for weight and height for age. Which response is best for the nurse to provide?
"Haven't you been feeding according to recommended daily allowances for children?"
"Does your child seem mentally slower than his peers also?"
"You should not worry about the growth tables. They are only averages for children."
"The smaller size is probably due to the heart disease."
The Correct Answer is D
A. "Haven't you been feeding according to recommended daily allowances for children?": This response implies blame and lacks sensitivity. It doesn't acknowledge the child’s underlying medical condition that may affect growth.
B. "Does your child seem mentally slower than his peers also?": Intellectual development is unrelated to height/weight percentile in children with congenital heart disease unless there are neurological complications, which haven't been indicated.
C. "You should not worry about the growth tables. They are only averages for children.": While growth charts are averages, they are clinically significant, especially for identifying underdevelopment in children with chronic illnesses.
D. "The smaller size is probably due to the heart disease.": Chronic hypoxia and increased metabolic demands in congenital heart disease often contribute to poor weight gain and growth delay, making this the most informative and empathetic response.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"D"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"D"},"D":{"answers":"C"},"E":{"answers":"C"},"F":{"answers":"A"},"G":{"answers":"B"}}
Explanation
Rationale:
- pH 7.40: A pH of 7.40 indicates that the client's acid-base balance is normal. This supports ventilation as the client’s respiratory system is effectively managing gas exchange.
- Blood pressure 112/77 mm Hg: This stable blood pressure is a sign that the client is adequately perfused, indicating management of hypovolemia. The blood pressure is now within a normal range, suggesting effective fluid resuscitation.
- PaCO2 42 mm Hg: The PaCO2 of 42 mm Hg is within normal limits, showing that the client's ventilation is adequate and confirming support of ventilation.
- Surgical dressing dry and intact: The intact dressing is important for preventing infection, as it ensures that there is no leakage or exposure to bacteria at the surgical site.
- Temperature 98.1° F (36.7° C): A temperature of 98.1° F (36.7° C is a normal and suggests successful rewarming or maintenance of normothermia, which contributes to Prevent infection as hypothermia can impair immune function and increase infection risk.
- Capillary refill 2 seconds: Capillary refill of 2 seconds is within normal limits and indicates good circulation and tissue perfusion, which is part of managing hypovolemia.
- Pain 0 on a scale of 0 to 10: The client’s report of no pain (pain score of 0) indicates that the goal of controlling pain and anxiety is being met, ensuring that the client is comfortable and stable.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Morphine: Morphine is used to relieve chest pain and anxiety in acute coronary syndromes. It acts as a vasodilator and analgesic, and there are no direct contraindications with recent sildenafil use, although blood pressure should still be monitored.
B. Nitroglycerin: Nitroglycerin is absolutely contraindicated in clients who have taken sildenafil within the past 24–48 hours. Both drugs are vasodilators, and their combination can lead to severe, life-threatening hypotension due to additive effects on vascular smooth muscle relaxation.
C. Aspirin: Aspirin is recommended in acute chest pain cases as it reduces platelet aggregation and helps prevent clot extension. It has no interaction with sildenafil and should not be withheld when myocardial ischemia is suspected.
D. Heparin: Heparin is an anticoagulant used in suspected myocardial infarction to prevent further clot formation. It does not have any adverse interactions with sildenafil and remains safe and beneficial in this context.
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