A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been prescribed a glucagon emergency kit for home use.

When should the nurse instruct the patient and family that glucagon needs to be administered?

Before meals to prevent hyperglycemia.

When signs of severe hypoglycemia occur.

When unable to eat during sick days.

At the onset of signs of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Glucagon should not be administered before meals to prevent hyperglycemia. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels and is used to treat severe hypoglycemia. It is not intended to prevent hyperglycemia.

Choice B rationale

Glucagon should be administered when signs of severe hypoglycemia occur. Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can cause symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, hunger, and shakiness. If left untreated, severe hypoglycemia can lead to unconsciousness or seizures.

Choice C rationale

Glucagon should not be administered when unable to eat during sick days. While it’s important to maintain blood glucose levels during illness, glucagon is specifically used for severe hypoglycemia.

Choice D rationale

Glucagon should not be administered at the onset of signs of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Glucagon is not a treatment for this condition.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a medication used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood, a condition known as hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia is a common complication of acute kidney injury (AKI). The medication works by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestine, which are then excreted from the body. Therefore, a decrease in serum potassium levels to within the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) would indicate that the medication has been effective.

Choice B rationale

Hemoglobin levels are not directly affected by sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. While it’s an important indicator of overall health, changes in hemoglobin levels would not indicate whether treatment for hyperkalemia is working.

Choice C rationale

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate does not directly affect glucose levels. While it’s important to monitor glucose levels in patients with kidney disease, changes in glucose would not indicate whether treatment for hyperkalemia is working.

Choice D rationale

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate does not directly affect ammonia levels. While elevated ammonia levels can occur in certain conditions, such as liver disease, changes in ammonia levels would not indicate whether treatment for hyperkalemia is working.

A. Crush and mix the tablets with pudding if you have trouble swallowing the tablets. B. Increase fluid intake while taking the medication. C. Use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve mild joint aches and pains caused by the medication. D. Report any tendon pain or swelling to the healthcare provider immediately. E. Limit exposure to sunlight and avoid tanning beds.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Crushing and mixing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets with pudding is not recommended. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including anthrax. It should be taken as directed by a healthcare provider, usually every 12 hours with a full glass of

water. Crushing the tablets can lead to a sudden release of the drug, causing side effects or an overdose.

Choice B rationale

Increasing fluid intake while taking the medication is advisable. Ciprofloxacin can cause crystalluria, which are crystals in the urine, in some patients. Drinking plenty of fluids while taking this medication helps to prevent the formation of these crystals.

Choice C rationale

Using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve mild joint aches and pains caused by the medication is not recommended. Ciprofloxacin can increase the effects of certain medications, including NSAIDs, leading to an increased risk of side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding.

Choice D rationale

Reporting any tendon pain or swelling to the healthcare provider immediately is crucial. Ciprofloxacin has been associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, particularly in older adults and those taking corticosteroids.

Choice E rationale

Limiting exposure to sunlight and avoiding tanning beds is important. Ciprofloxacin can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, increasing the risk of sunburn. Patients should wear protective clothing and use sunscreen when outdoors.

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A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been prescribed a glucagon emergency kit for home use.When should the nurse instruct the patient and family that glucagon needs to be administered?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate to a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory finding indicates that the medication has been effective?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is preparing a discharge teaching plan for a patient who is taking ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets due to suspected anthrax exposure. What instructions should be included in the teaching plan?

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

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A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been prescribed a glucagon emergency kit for home use.

When should the nurse instruct the patient and family that glucagon needs to be administered?