A patient with musculoskeletal trauma asks the nurse about the difference between a strain and a sprain. Which of the following is a correct statement?

Strains are associated with fractured bone that are tearing blood vessels

"A strain should be treated with heat In the first 24 hours then ice after

A sprain involves stretching or searing or tearing of ligaments at a joint

A sprain involves tearing of a muscle body or tendon

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Strains are associated with fractured bone that are tearing blood vessels:
Strains refer to injuries of muscles or tendons due to overuse, overstretching, or tearing. A strain does not typically involve fractured bones or tearing blood vessels. Sprains, on the other hand, involve ligaments, not muscles or tendons, and may or may not involve fractures or tearing of blood vessels.

B) "A strain should be treated with heat in the first 24 hours then ice after:
. The general recommendation for the initial treatment of a strain (and sprain) is rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.) within the first 24-48 hours. Ice should be applied during this period to reduce swelling and inflammation, not heat. Heat may be used after the first 48 hours to promote healing and reduce muscle stiffness, but it should not be used during the acute phase of the injury.

C) A sprain involves stretching or tearing or tearing of ligaments at a joint:
This is the correct statement. A sprain is an injury to a ligament, which is the tissue connecting bones to other bones. It is typically caused by stretching, overextension, or tearing of the ligament, often resulting from a sudden or awkward movement at a joint. Sprains commonly occur at areas such as the ankle, knee, and wrist.

D) A sprain involves tearing of a muscle body or tendon:
. A sprain involves damage to a ligament, not a muscle or tendon. Damage to muscles or tendons is classified as a strain, not a sprain. Strains refer to overuse or tearing of muscle fibers or tendons, not ligaments.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A patient with hypertension:
Valproic acid is not contraindicated in patients with hypertension. While it is important to monitor for potential side effects, including those that may affect the liver or blood pressure, hypertension alone does not directly impact the safety or efficacy of valproic acid. Therefore, it is generally considered safe to prescribe in patients with well-controlled hypertension.

B. A patient with diabetes:
Valproic acid is also not contraindicated in patients with diabetes. While it is important to monitor blood glucose levels, as anticonvulsants can sometimes affect metabolic processes, there is no absolute contraindication for valproic acid in diabetic patients. However, appropriate monitoring of blood sugar levels would be necessary to adjust any diabetic treatment as needed.

C. A patient with asthma:
There is no direct contraindication to using valproic acid in a patient with asthma. While asthma medications and their interactions should always be considered, valproic acid does not typically exacerbate asthma symptoms. The prescription would be based on the clinical need for seizure management and monitored for any potential respiratory side effects.

D. A pregnant patient:
Valproic acid is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its high risk of causing fetal harm. It has been associated with an increased risk of birth defects, including neural tube defects, and other complications such as developmental delays. The U.S. FDA classifies valproic acid as a Category D drug for pregnancy, indicating that it should only be used when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Thus, it should be avoided in pregnant patients unless no safer alternatives are available.

A. IV antibiotics B. Encouraging the patient not to bend at the hip C. Early immobilization of the fractured leg D. Irrigating the open wound with sterile Normal Saline

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) IV antibiotics: Administering IV antibiotics is important to prevent infection, particularly in open fractures, but it does not directly address the prevention of fat embolism. Fat embolism syndrome occurs when fat droplets are released into the bloodstream, typically from bone marrow after a fracture, and antibiotics have no role in preventing this specific complication. Antibiotics would be more relevant for preventing infection from the open wound, not for managing fat embolism risk.

B) Encouraging the patient not to bend at the hip: While avoiding unnecessary movement or bending at the hip may help prevent further injury, it does not specifically address the prevention of fat embolism. Fat embolism is primarily a concern due to the fracture itself and the subsequent release of fat from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. Restricting hip movement alone is not a preventive strategy for this condition.

C) Early immobilization of the fractured leg: The most effective intervention for preventing fat embolism is early immobilization of the fractured leg. Immobilization stabilizes the bone, preventing the release of fat droplets from the bone marrow into the bloodstream, which is the primary mechanism behind fat embolism. Early stabilization of the fracture helps minimize this risk, making this the priority action in the immediate care of a client with an open femur fracture.

D) Irrigating the open wound with sterile Normal Saline: While wound irrigation is essential for preventing infection and is part of the standard care for an open fracture, it does not directly prevent fat embolism. The risk of fat embolism arises from the fracture itself, and the priority in this case is stabilization of the bone to prevent the release of fat into circulation. Irrigating the wound helps with infection control, but it is not the most critical step for fat embolism prevention.

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A patient with musculoskeletal trauma asks the nurse about the difference between a strain and a sprain. Which of the following is a correct statement?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In which client would a prescription of valproic acid for seizure disorder be contraindicated?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following is the priority intervention for preventing a fat embolism in a client experiencing an open femur fracture?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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