A patient with anorexia nervosa shows signs of malnutrition and is prescribed parenteral nutrition. If the client develops refeeding syndrome, what laboratory tests does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to order? (Select all that apply.)

Serum phosphorus

Serum blood glucose

Serum calcium

Serum potassium

Serum magnesium

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. Serum phosphorus is crucial to monitor in patients at risk for refeeding syndrome. Hypophosphatemia is a key sign of the syndrome and can lead to severe complications, such as respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
B. Serum blood glucose levels are important to monitor, especially since refeeding syndrome can cause rapid shifts in glucose metabolism. However, it is not a primary test to diagnose refeeding syndrome. Blood glucose monitoring will be part of the overall management, but not the core test for the syndrome.
C. Serum calcium should be monitored because it can also decrease in refeeding syndrome due to shifts in phosphate and magnesium levels, which may affect calcium metabolism.
D. Serum potassium is essential to monitor because hypokalemia often occurs in refeeding syndrome as the body shifts electrolytes into cells. This can cause muscle weakness, arrhythmias, and other serious complications.
E. Serum magnesium is also important to check, as hypomagnesemia is commonly seen in refeeding syndrome and can contribute to neurological and cardiac symptoms.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Brushing the client's teeth with a suction toothbrush every 12 hours is a key intervention to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Oral hygiene helps to decrease the accumulation of bacteria in the mouth, which could potentially be aspirated into the lungs and cause infection. This should be done more frequently, often every 4–6 hours, to reduce bacterial colonization.
B. Providing humidity to the ventilator tubing is necessary to maintain adequate moisture and prevent airway dryness, but it does not directly reduce the risk of VAP. Oral care and head-of-bed positioning are more crucial in preventing infection.
C. The head of the client's bed should be kept elevated, not flat, to reduce the risk of aspiration, which can lead to VAP. Keeping the head of the bed at a 30–45 degree angle is recommended.
D. Turning the client every 4 hours is important for preventing pressure ulcers and promoting circulation but is not the most effective intervention for reducing the risk of VAP. Frequent oral care and appropriate positioning are more important.

A. A patient with a scheduled physical therapy session in 1 hour. B. A patient with a routine follow-up appointment for a non-urgent condition. C. A patient with altered mental status and confusion. D. A patient with moderate pleuritis and requesting pain medication.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While this patient is scheduled for a physical therapy session, it is not an urgent concern that would require immediate attention.
B. A routine follow-up appointment for a non-urgent condition can be managed at a later time and does not take priority over more acute concerns.
C. A patient with altered mental status and confusion should be assessed first. This could indicate a serious underlying issue such as infection, hypoxia, or a neurological condition. Altered mental status in any patient warrants immediate attention to prevent further complications.
D. Although the patient with pleuritis is in pain, moderate pleuritis is typically not an urgent condition, and pain management can be provided after more pressing concerns are addressed.

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A patient with anorexia nervosa shows signs of malnutrition and is prescribed parenteral nutrition. If the client develops refeeding syndrome, what laboratory tests does the nurse expect the healthcare provider to order? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has an endotracheal tube and is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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