A patient who is constipated has just received a mineral oil-retention enema. The nurse encourages this patient to hold this enema for a minimum of how long?

Raising the head of the bed to a semi or high Fowler's position (sitting up at a 30-45-degree angle) can assist the patient in having a successful bowel movement while using a bedpan. This position helps to facilitate gravity, making it easier for the patient to bear down and evacuate their bowels.

Administering laxatives to the patient in (option A) is incorrect because laxatives are medications that help promote bowel movements. While they may be used in some cases of constipation, they might not be the immediate solution for a patient having difficulty using a bedpan.

Preparing to administer a cleansing enema in (option B) is incorrect because Enemas involve introducing liquid into the rectum to stimulate bowel movements. They are typically used for more severe cases of constipation or as part of a bowel preparation before certain medical procedures. For a patient who is simply having trouble using a bedpan while lying in bed, an enema may not be necessary or appropriate at this time.

Withholding narcotic pain medication for at least 2 hours until the patient had a bowel movement successfully in (option C) is incorrect because, while some pain medications, particularly opioids, can cause constipation as a side effect, withholding pain medication solely for this purpose may not be appropriate or safe. Pain management is essential for patient comfort and recovery, and the nurse should find other interventions to assist with bowel movements while maintaining appropriate pain control.

During the digital removal of impacted stool, if the patient's pulse rate decreases significantly, it is an indication of a potentially serious condition and the nurse should stop the procedure immediately. A sudden decrease in pulse rate may indicate vagal stimulation, which can lead to a vasovagal response or a more severe cardiovascular event. The nurse should assess the patient's condition, provide appropriate interventions, and notify the healthcare provider as necessary. The other options presented in the question are within normal ranges or do not indicate an immediate need for corrective action.

An increase in blood pressure from 110/84 to 118/88 mm Hg (option A) may not necessarily require immediate action, as it falls within a normal range and may be attributed to factors such as anxiety or pain.

A small increase in temperature from 98.8°F to 99.0°F (option B) may not be alarming on its own and may be within normal fluctuations.

An increase in respiratory rate from 16 to 24 breaths/min (option D) may indicate increased effort or anxiety during the procedure but is not typically a cause for immediate concern unless accompanied by other significant symptoms.