A patient has been diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (mad cow disease). The nurse recognizes this disease is caused by a:

Prion.

Fungus.

Protozoa.

Virus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that can induce normal proteins in the brain to also misfold. These prions are highly resistant to conventional methods of deactivation and pose a significant infection control challenge.

Choice B rationale

Fungi can cause a variety of infections, but they are not responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Fungal infections typically affect the skin, lungs, or systemic organs.

Choice C rationale

Protozoa are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases such as malaria. They are not related to the prions that cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Choice D rationale

Viruses cause a range of diseases, including influenza and HIV, but they are distinct from prions. Prions lack genetic material and reproduce by corrupting normal proteins, which is different from viral replication mechanisms. .

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Enterococcus is not part of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing group. ESBLs are enzymes found in some bacteria, primarily Gram-negative bacteria.

Choice B rationale

Escherichia coli is correct as it is a common organism that produces ESBLs, leading to resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat.

Choice C rationale

Staphylococcus aureus is not typically associated with ESBL production. It is more commonly associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Choice D rationale

Clostridium difficile is not part of the ESBL-producing group. It is known for causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis but does not produce ESBL enzymes. .

A. Cell rebuilders. B. Aids to digestion and blood production. C. Prevention to the colonizing of pathogens. D. Managers of fluid balance of the body.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Normal flora does not function as cell rebuilders. They primarily exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host without directly participating in cell repair processes.

Choice B rationale

While some normal flora aid in digestion, they are not involved in blood production. Blood production is a function of bone marrow and not influenced by normal flora.

Choice C rationale

Normal flora play a crucial role in preventing the colonization of pathogens by competing for nutrients and space, thereby protecting the body from harmful microorganisms.

Choice D rationale

Normal flora do not manage the fluid balance of the body. Fluid balance is regulated by the kidneys and the body's endocrine system, not by the normal flora.

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A patient has been diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (mad cow disease). The nurse recognizes this disease is caused by a:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An organism that is included in the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing pneumonia (ESBL) group is:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse explains that the body's normal flora serves as:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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