A patient has been admitted to the postsurgical nursing unit after surgery. The health care provider has ordered the patient to have an IV of 0.9 sodium chloride. The nurse who is caring for the patient recognizes this as what type of solution?
Isotonic
Hypnotic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
The Correct Answer is A
A. 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is isotonic, meaning it has the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. It is used to expand intravascular volume and replace fluids and electrolytes.
B. "Hypnotic" refers to medications that induce sleep and has no relevance to IV solutions. This term does not apply to IV solutions.
C. A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to normal body fluids. Examples include 0.45% sodium chloride (half-normal saline) or 5% dextrose in water (D5W). 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is not hypotonic; rather, it is isotonic.
D. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to normal body fluids. Examples include 3% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride. 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is not hypertonic; rather, it is isotonic.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
A. Diarrhea is a common side effect associated with ondansetron, which is used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.
B. Ondansetron can potentially cause changes in glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia, especially in clients with diabetes mellitus. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential during ondansetron administration, particularly in clients who are already predisposed to hyperglycemia.
D. Headache is a potential adverse effect of ondansetron. It is listed as a common side effect and should be monitored, especially in older adults who may be more sensitive to medication effects.
C. Ondansetron can affect the QT interval rather than the PR interval. It may cause QT interval prolongation, which can predispose the client to arrhythmias
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Swelling around the IV site or in the extremity (such as the fingers) can be a sign of infiltration. This occurs because the IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissues, causing localized swelling.
A. Blood backing up in the IV tubing could indicate issues like a clot in the line or a slow flow rate, but it does not specifically suggest infiltration. It might prompt the nurse to check for other issues such as patency of the IV line or the need for flushing.
C. A long red streak up the arm could indicate inflammation or infection along the vein (phlebitis) rather than infiltration. Phlebitis can be caused by mechanical irritation, chemical irritation from the IV fluids, or infection.
D. Tape coming off the IV needle suggests a need for re-securing the IV, but it does not directly indicate infiltration. However, if the tape is coming off, it's important to check the entire IV site to ensure the catheter is still properly inserted and there are no signs of infiltration or dislodgment.
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