A patient has been admitted to the postsurgical nursing unit after surgery. The health care provider has ordered the patient to have an IV of 0.9 sodium chloride. The nurse who is caring for the patient recognizes this as what type of solution?

D. A 90° angle (perpendicular to the skin surface) is typically used for IM injections into muscles where the needle needs to penetrate deeply into the muscle tissue.

A. 60° angle is commonly used for IM injections in the deltoid muscle or thigh. However, it may not be optimal for the ventrogluteal site, which typically requires a different approach due to its deeper location and muscle structure.

B. A 45° angle is typically used for subcutaneous injections, where the needle is inserted into the fatty layer just below the skin surface.

C. This angle is steeper than 60° and is sometimes used for IM injections into muscles with thicker tissue or larger muscle mass.

A. Leaving small air bubbles in the new infusion tubing is incorrect. Air bubbles should be primed out of the tubing before use to prevent air embolism.

B. Inserting the new device distal to the old IV site is incorrect. The new IV site should be placed proximal to the old site to avoid complications from previous catheter use and ensure proper circulation.

C. Wearing clean gloves during the new IV insertion is correct. Clean gloves are appropriate when inserting a new short peripheral IV device. Sterile gloves are generally required for more invasive procedures, but when changing the device itself, clean gloves are sufficient.

D. Shaving the hair on the client's skin before inserting the new IV is incorrect. Shaving the skin is not recommended because it can cause small nicks that increase the risk of infection. Clipping the hair, if necessary, is the preferred method.