A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia may demonstrate these positive symptoms (select all that apply) :
Answering questions with nonsensical phrases.
Seeing, hearing, or feeling something that is not really there.
The feeling that external events such as the weather forecast or news story have special meaning for the patient.
Trouble staying on a schedule or finishing what the patient starts.
Inability to socially connect with others.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason : Answering questions with nonsensical phrases is a positive symptom of schizophrenia. It reflects disorganized thinking and speech, which can manifest as incoherence or irrelevance in the patient's verbal communication². This symptom can significantly impair the patient's ability to engage in meaningful conversation and is often one of the more noticeable signs of schizophrenia during an assessment³.
Choice B reason : Seeing, hearing, or feeling something that is not really there, also known as hallucinations, are hallmark positive symptoms of schizophrenia. These sensory experiences occur without an external stimulus and can involve any of the senses, although auditory hallucinations are the most common in schizophrenia². Hallucinations can be extremely distressing for patients and can lead to difficulties in distinguishing reality from delusion³.
Choice C reason : The belief that personal significance is attached to trivial or unrelated external events, known as delusions of reference, is another positive symptom of schizophrenia. Patients may believe that messages are being sent to them through the television, radio, or other public means². This can lead to a profound sense of misunderstanding and isolation as the patient navigates a world they perceive as filled with hidden messages meant specifically for them³.
Choice D reason : While trouble staying on a schedule or finishing tasks can be associated with schizophrenia, it is not considered a positive symptom. These issues are more reflective of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which include avolition or the lack of motivation to initiate and complete goal-directed activities⁴.
Choice E reason : An inability to socially connect with others is also not a positive symptom but rather a negative symptom of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life⁴. Social withdrawal and impaired social interaction are common negative symptoms that can be mistaken for introversion or depression³.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason : Avoiding exercise during flare-ups of fibromyalgia may seem intuitive to prevent exacerbating pain and fatigue. However, maintaining a gentle exercise routine, even during flare-ups, can help manage symptoms and prevent deconditioning¹.
Choice B reason : Establishing a regular sleep pattern is crucial for managing fibromyalgia. Poor sleep can exacerbate pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties commonly experienced with this condition. Good sleep hygiene practices can improve sleep quality and overall symptom management¹.
Choice C reason : While adequate calcium intake is essential for general health, there is no specific indication that increasing calcium intake alone would manage fibromyalgia symptoms. Nutritional needs should be addressed as part of a comprehensive approach to self-care¹.
Choice D reason : Yoga or running between flare-ups can be beneficial for clients with fibromyalgia. Regular exercise, including yoga, can improve pain, function, and quality of life. Running or other aerobic exercises can also be helpful if tolerated and done in moderation¹.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason : Chronic back pain is not a specific symptom of SLE. While individuals with SLE may experience musculoskeletal pain, it is not as characteristic as other symptoms associated with the condition.
Choice B reason : A facial rash, particularly the classic "butterfly rash" that appears across the cheeks and bridge of the nose, is one of the hallmark signs of SLE. This rash is photosensitive and can be triggered or worsened by exposure to sunlight.
Choice C reason : Thickened skin is more commonly associated with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) than with SLE. In SLE, skin involvement can include rashes and lesions, but not typically generalized skin thickening.
Choice D reason : Nausea is not a direct symptom of SLE, although it can be a side effect of medications used to treat SLE or may occur if the gastrointestinal system is affected by the disease.
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