A patient develops constipation after taking a daily iron supplement prescribed by the physician. Which term best describes the patient’s reaction to the supplement?
Side effect
Therapeutic effect
Adverse reaction
Toxicity
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Side effect: A side effect is an effect of a drug that is secondary to the main intended effect. It is usually predictable and may be either beneficial or harmful. However, constipation is not a common or expected side effect of iron supplements. It is more likely to be an adverse reaction.
Choice B rationale:
Therapeutic effect: The therapeutic effect is the intended effect of a drug, the one that is desired to treat the condition. In this case, the therapeutic effect of the iron supplement would be to increase the patient's iron levels. Constipation is not the desired effect of the iron supplement, so it is not a therapeutic effect.
Choice C rationale:
Adverse reaction: An adverse reaction is an unwanted or harmful reaction to a drug that is not necessarily predictable. It can range from mild to severe. Constipation is a common adverse reaction to iron supplements. It is thought to be caused by the iron binding to undigested food in the intestines, making it harder to pass stool.
Choice D rationale:
Toxicity: Toxicity refers to a poisonous or harmful effect of a drug. It is usually caused by taking too much of a drug or by a drug interacting with another drug or substance. Constipation is not a sign of iron toxicity. Iron toxicity can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Aspirating prior to injecting enoxaparin is not recommended.
Aspiration was once a common practice to check if a needle had entered a blood vessel.
However, research has shown that aspiration is not necessary for subcutaneous injections and may even be harmful. It can cause pain, bruising, and hematoma formation.
Additionally, aspirating can increase the risk of needlestick injuries.
For these reasons, aspiration is no longer recommended for subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin or other anticoagulants.
Choice B rationale:
Massaging the injection site after administering enoxaparin is not recommended. Massaging can increase the risk of bruising and hematoma formation.
It can also cause the medication to be absorbed too quickly, which can increase the risk of bleeding.
The best practice is to apply gentle pressure to the injection site with a dry gauze pad for a few seconds after the injection. This will help to prevent bleeding and bruising.
Choice C rationale:
The size of the syringe and needle used to administer enoxaparin is not specified in the question. However, a 1-mL syringe with a 32-gauge needle is a common choice for subcutaneous injections.
This size syringe is small enough to be easy to handle, and the 32-gauge needle is thin enough to minimize discomfort.
Choice D rationale:
The abdomen is the preferred site for subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin.
The abdomen has a large surface area of soft tissue, which makes it easy to inject the medication.
The abdomen is also relatively free of blood vessels and nerves, which reduces the risk of bruising, bleeding, and pain. Other potential injection sites for enoxaparin include the upper arms, thighs, and buttocks.
However, the abdomen is generally the preferred site.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale for Choice A:
Mixing insulin detemir and insulin aspart in the same syringe is not recommended due to their differing physicochemical properties and potential for altered absorption and action profiles.
It's crucial to follow manufacturer guidelines, as mixing may lead to suboptimal glycemic control or unpredictable insulin activity.
Rationale for Choice B:
The order of mixing insulin detemir and insulin aspart, even if done incorrectly in the same syringe, would not significantly impact the overall contraindication of mixing them.
The primary concern remains the potential for altered pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics when these insulins are combined.
Rationale for Choice C:
Drawing up insulin aspart and insulin detemir in separate syringes is the correct procedure.
This approach ensures that each insulin maintains its intended action profile and absorption characteristics, leading to more predictable glycemic control.
It also aligns with best practices and guidelines for insulin administration.
Rationale for Choice D:
While drawing up insulin detemir first in a separate syringe is technically correct, it offers no specific advantage over drawing up insulin aspart first in a separate syringe.
The key principle is to avoid mixing the two insulins in the same syringe.
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