A nurse-researcher is dissatisfied with the results of a data analysis and recalculates the statistical computations applied to the data for the purpose of obtaining results that are more supportive of the researcher's personal belief system. Which term best describes the outcome of this procedure?

Which study would most likely be conducted using a qualitative methodology?

In this statement describing the methodology of a research study, how was the snowball sample obtained?

Which finding represents a limitation to the study that the researcher should explain when parametric statistics were used to analyze the data?

The nurse plans to conduct an experimental study to investigate this research question: "What is the difference in blood pressure between a randomized sample of children who received mindfulness meditation instruction and a similar sample of children who did not receive the instruction?" Prior to conducting this study, which action is most important for the nurse to take?

The nurse is comparing the effectiveness of two smoking cessation programs, Program A and Program B, which were designed for adolescent clients who reported smoking for one year or longer. Adolescents in three high schools in the American Southeast were randomly assigned to one of the two study programs. Significantly more adolescents stopped smoking after completing Program A than those who completed Program B, and the effect size was 0.8. Based on these findings, which action should the community health nurse take?

Which characteristic of a research statement is missing in this statement?

The number of subjects in a study increased between the time the study was begun and the date the researcher concluded the data collection. Which is the most likely research design for this study?

A group of students at a university volunteered to participate in a study of attitudes about their personal safety. The day before the study began, the nation experienced the 9/11 terrorism atacks. What statement is accurate regarding the event associated with this study?

A nurse-manager describes this process for IV insertions on a surgical unit: "We began requiring RNs to cleanse all peripheral insertion sites with both alcohol and an iodine-based cleanser before starting an IV because several multi-institutional studies found a statistically significant decrease in IV-related septicaemia rates for surgical clients when both alcohol and iodine were used as cleansers as compared with those who had alcohol-only cleansing prior to IV insertions."

A researcher is preparing a timeline for a new study. At what point in the design process should the researcher seek approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?