A nurse is working in the operating room and follows the standards and guidelines set by the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN). The nurse explains to a new staff member that these standards and guidelines are based on:

Choice A reason:.

This is the correct answer because the preoperative phase is the period when the nurse prepares the client for surgery and provides education and support. The preoperative phase begins with the decision to have surgery and ends when the client is transferred to the operating room. The nurse assesses the client's health status, identifies potential risks, and plans for the care before surgery.

Choice B reason:.

This is incorrect because the intraoperative phase is the period when the nurse monitors the client's vital signs, administers medications, and assists the surgical team during surgery. The intraoperative phase begins when the client is transferred to the operating room and ends when the client is transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU).

Choice C reason:.

This is incorrect because the postoperative phase is the period when the nurse evaluates the client's recovery, manages the pain, and prevents complications after surgery. The postoperative phase begins when the client is transferred to the PACU and ends when the client is discharged from the hospital or clinic.

Choice D reason:.

This is incorrect because the perioperative phase is not a specific phase but a general term that encompasses all three phases of perioperative nursing: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. The perioperative phase refers to the entire surgical process from preparation to recovery.

Choice A reason:

Ablative surgery is done to remove a diseased or damaged body part, such as an appendix or a tumor. A kidney transplant does not involve removing the original kidney, but adding a new one from a donor.

Choice B reason:

Diagnostic surgery is done to establish or aid a diagnosis, such as taking a biopsy of a suspicious lump. A kidney transplant is not done for diagnostic purposes, but to treat a condition of kidney failure.

Choice C reason:

Palliative surgery is done to relieve symptoms or improve quality of life, but not to cure the underlying disease, such as removing a part of a cancerous organ that causes pain. A kidney transplant is done to cure the condition of kidney failure and restore normal kidney function.

Choice D reason:

Reconstructive surgery is done to restore the appearance or function of a body part that has been damaged by trauma, disease, or birth defect, such as repairing a cleft lip or a burn. A kidney transplant does not involve reconstructing the original kidney, but replacing it with a new one from a donor.

Choice E reason:

Transplant surgery is done to replace a failing or diseased organ with a healthy one from a donor, such as a kidney, liver, or heart. A kidney transplant is done when the original kidney can no longer function properly and causes life-threatening complications.

Choice F reason:

Procurement surgery is done to remove an organ or tissue from a donor for transplantation into another person, such as harvesting a kidney, cornea, or bone marrow. Procurement surgery is not done on the recipient of the transplant, but on the donor.