A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for an elective surgery to remove rectal polyps. The nurse knows that this type of surgery is classified by degree of urgency as:

Choice A reason:

Ablative surgery is done to remove a diseased or damaged body part, such as an appendix or a tumor. A kidney transplant does not involve removing the original kidney, but adding a new one from a donor.

Choice B reason:

Diagnostic surgery is done to establish or aid a diagnosis, such as taking a biopsy of a suspicious lump. A kidney transplant is not done for diagnostic purposes, but to treat a condition of kidney failure.

Choice C reason:

Palliative surgery is done to relieve symptoms or improve quality of life, but not to cure the underlying disease, such as removing a part of a cancerous organ that causes pain. A kidney transplant is done to cure the condition of kidney failure and restore normal kidney function.

Choice D reason:

Reconstructive surgery is done to restore the appearance or function of a body part that has been damaged by trauma, disease, or birth defect, such as repairing a cleft lip or a burn. A kidney transplant does not involve reconstructing the original kidney, but replacing it with a new one from a donor.

Choice E reason:

Transplant surgery is done to replace a failing or diseased organ with a healthy one from a donor, such as a kidney, liver, or heart. A kidney transplant is done when the original kidney can no longer function properly and causes life-threatening complications.

Choice F reason:

Procurement surgery is done to remove an organ or tissue from a donor for transplantation into another person, such as harvesting a kidney, cornea, or bone marrow. Procurement surgery is not done on the recipient of the transplant, but on the donor.

Choice A reason:

The standards and guidelines set by the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) are based on "the best available evidence from research and expert opinion". This means that the perioperative nursing practice is informed by the most current and reliable sources of knowledge that support quality and safety in the operating room. The AORN guidelines for perioperative practice are the gold-standard in evidence-based recommendations to deliver safe perioperative patient care and achieve workplace safety.

Choice B reason:

The standards and guidelines set by the AORN are not based on "the preferences and values of individual surgeons and nurses”. because this would not ensure consistency, quality, or safety in the perioperative nursing practice. The preferences and values of individual practitioners may vary widely and may not reflect the best available evidence or the needs of the patients. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice C reason:

The standards and guidelines set by the AORN are not based on "the policies and procedures of each health care facility”. because this would not ensure uniformity, quality, or safety in the perioperative nursing practice. The policies and procedures of each health care facility may differ depending on their resources, regulations, or goals. They may also be outdated or incomplete. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice D reason:

The standards and guidelines set by the AORN are not based on "the feedback and satisfaction of patients and families”. because this would not ensure validity, quality, or safety in the perioperative nursing practice. The feedback and satisfaction of patients and families may be subjective, biased, or inaccurate. They may also not reflect the best available evidence or the professional standards of nursing. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.