A nurse is teaching participants at a community center about advance directives. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Rationale:

A. A client who has an open compound fracture of the humerus: This injury requires surgical intervention and has a moderate to high risk of complications. It is typically classified as yellow, indicating delayed care is acceptable but not minor.

B. A client who has multiple facial lacerations: These are superficial injuries that can be treated with simple wound care and suturing. The client is likely stable and ambulatory, fitting the criteria for a green tag, which denotes minor injuries requiring minimal care.

C. A client who has a puncture wound in the right lower lung: This suggests potential internal injury and respiratory compromise. Such a case is urgent and unstable, requiring immediate intervention, and would be tagged red for immediate treatment.

D. A client who has full-thickness burns over the lower extremities: Full-thickness burns covering a large area are life-threatening and resource-intensive to manage. Depending on the extent, this may fall under red or black, depending on survivability and available resources.

Rationale for correct choices:

• A change in mood: Isotretinoin is associated with serious neuropsychiatric side effects, including depression, mood swings, and suicidal ideation. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable, and any mood changes should be reported immediately to prevent potential harm.
• Decreased night vision: Isotretinoin can cause visual disturbances, including impaired night vision, which may develop suddenly and without warning. This adverse effect can pose safety risks, especially when driving or navigating in low-light conditions, and requires prompt provider evaluation.

Rationale for incorrect choices:

• Dry mouth: Dry mucous membranes are a common and expected side effect of isotretinoin due to its drying effects on the skin and mucosa. While it may cause discomfort, it is not typically urgent or dangerous unless accompanied by other systemic symptoms.
• The development of dry eyes: Dry eyes are a frequent and expected adverse effect of isotretinoin. This symptom can usually be managed with artificial tears or lubricating eye drops and does not require immediate provider notification unless severe or worsening.
• Sunburn: Isotretinoin increases photosensitivity, making clients more prone to sunburn. However, this is a manageable and anticipated side effect. The client should be advised to use sunscreen and protective clothing rather than treat it as an emergency.
• Engagement in sexual activity: Sexual activity becomes relevant only if pregnancy is a risk, due to isotretinoin’s severe teratogenicity. Since the client currently tests negative on hCG and is not sexually active, it is not a priority concern unless that status changes.
• Worsening of acne: A temporary worsening of acne, known as an initial flare, is common in the first few weeks of isotretinoin therapy. It is not considered dangerous and does not warrant immediate discontinuation or urgent evaluation unless accompanied by severe systemic symptoms.