A nurse is teaching about sources of psychological stress to a group of newly licensed nurses. The nurse should identify which of the following qualifies as a source of psychological distress?

A. Psychosocial history:

This includes information about the client's social, cultural, family, educational, and occupational background. It provides insights into the client's life circumstances, stressors, support systems, and overall psychosocial context. This information is crucial for understanding the context in which mental health symptoms may be occurring.

B. Vaccine history:

Vaccine history is not typically a primary factor in diagnosing mental health disorders. It is more relevant to preventive care and physical health.

C. History of allergies:

Allergies are primarily related to physical health and may not play a direct role in the diagnosis of mental health disorders.

D. Surgical history:

Surgical history is relevant to physical health conditions and is not a primary consideration in the diagnosis of mental health disorders.

A. By using a screening tool such as the CAGE questionnaire: This is the correct answer. The CAGE questionnaire is a widely used tool for screening alcohol use disorders. It consists of four questions that assess whether the individual has concerns or issues related to their alcohol consumption. A positive result may indicate a need for further assessment and intervention.

B. By asking directly if the client has ever had a problem with alcohol: While direct questioning is important, using a structured screening tool provides a more standardized and objective approach. The CAGE questionnaire offers specific questions that help identify potential issues with alcohol use.

C. By holistically assessing the client using the CINA scale: The CINA scale (Checklist of Nonverbal Indicators of Affect) is primarily used to assess nonverbal behaviors related to affect. While it may be useful in certain contexts, it is not specifically designed for assessing alcohol use disorders.

D. By referring the client for physician evaluation: While physician evaluation may be necessary for a comprehensive assessment, using a screening tool such as the CAGE questionnaire is an appropriate initial step. The results of the screening tool can guide further assessment and appropriate referrals.