A nurse is teaching about sources of psychological stress to a group of newly licensed nurses. The nurse should identify which of the following qualifies as a source of psychological distress?

A. Self-destructive behavior despite alternative interventions: Mechanical restraints may be considered when a client poses an immediate risk of harm to themselves, and alternative interventions have been ineffective or are not feasible.

B. Discipline for throwing objects at staff: Mechanical restraints are not appropriate as a form of discipline. Restraints should only be used when there is an imminent risk of harm to the client or others.

C. Punishment for verbally abusing other clients: The use of restraints as a form of punishment is not ethical or appropriate. Restraints should be employed solely to prevent harm, not as a disciplinary measure.

D. Coercion to take prescribed medications: Coercion to take medications is not a valid reason for using mechanical restraints. Alternative approaches, such as therapeutic communication or discussing the need for medications with the client, should be explored.

A. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, treated by discontinuing antipsychotic medications: The symptoms described (uncontrollable tongue movements, stiff neck, difficulty swallowing) are more indicative of tardive dyskinesia than neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by hyperthermia, autonomic dysregulation, altered mental status, and generalized muscle rigidity. Treatment involves discontinuing antipsychotic medications and supportive care.

B. Agranulocytosis treated by administration of clozapine (Clozaril): Agranulocytosis is a rare but serious side effect of clozapine, not a treatment for the symptoms described. The symptoms presented are more consistent with tardive dyskinesia.

C. Tardive dyskinesia treated by discontinuing antipsychotic medication: This is the correct answer. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary and abnormal movements, including tongue protrusion and facial grimacing. It can result from long-term use of antipsychotic medications, and discontinuing or reducing the dose of the antipsychotic is a primary intervention.

D. Headache treated by administration of Hydrochlorothiazide: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic used to treat conditions like high blood pressure and edema, not headache or the symptoms described, which are more indicative of tardive dyskinesia.