A nurse is teaching about nutrition to a client who has a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Limit calcium intake.
Limit protein intake.
Increase phosphorus intake.
Increase potassium intake.
The Correct Answer is B
Limiting protein intake is an important dietary modification for clients with chronic kidney disease. High protein intake can increase the workload on the kidneys and lead to further decline in kidney function. Restricting protein intake helps reduce the accumulation of waste products in the blood, such as urea and creatinine, which are normally eliminated by the kidneys. The specific amount of protein restriction will depend on the stage of CKD and the client's individual needs. It is important for the client to work with a registered dietitian who specializes in kidney disease to determine the appropriate protein intake.
Limit calcium intake: Calcium intake does not need to be limited unless there are specific complications related to calcium metabolism, such as hypercalcemia or certain types of kidney stones. Calcium is important for bone health, and adequate intake should be maintained unless otherwise directed by the healthcare provider.
Increase potassium intake: In most cases of chronic kidney disease, potassium intake needs to be limited. Damaged kidneys may have difficulty regulating potassium levels, and high levels of potassium in the blood can be dangerous. The client should be instructed to limit potassium intake and avoid high-potassium foods, such as bananas, oranges, tomatoes, and potatoes, unless specifically advised otherwise by their healthcare provider.
Increase phosphorus intake: Phosphorus intake needs to be restricted in chronic kidney disease, especially in later stages. Elevated levels of phosphorus in the blood can lead to bone and cardiovascular complications. The client should be educated on foods that are high in phosphorus, such as dairy products, nuts, and cola drinks, and instructed to limit their intake
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Baked ham: Baked ham is typically high in saturated fat and sodium, which are not favorable for a heart-healthy diet. Consuming excessive amounts of saturated fat can contribute to high cholesterol levels and increase the risk of coronary artery disease.
Canned potato soup: Canned potato soup often contains high levels of sodium and may also be high in saturated fat, depending on the specific brand and recipe. Excess sodium intake can lead to high blood pressure, which is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Therefore, canned potato soup is not an ideal choice for a heart-healthy diet.
Broiled salmon: Broiled salmon is an excellent choice for a heart-healthy diet. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to have cardiovascular benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease. Salmon is also a good source of lean protein and contains
less saturated fat compared to red meats. It is recommended to choose broiled or grilled salmon rather than fried or breaded preparations to minimize added fats and oils.
Processed cheese: Processed cheese, such as cheese slices or spreads, tends to be high in saturated fat and sodium. These types of cheeses are not the best choice for a heart-healthy diet. It is better to opt for natural, low-fat cheeses or other dairy alternatives that are lower in saturated fat and sodium.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
BMI (body mass index) of 18.5: BMI is a measure of body fat based on an individual's weight and height. A BMI of 18.5 is within the normal range and indicates that the client's nutritional status has improved. An increase in BMI suggests successful repletion of body stores and improved overall health.
Hgb (hemoglobin) of 10 g/dL: Hemoglobin level is an indicator of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. While a hemoglobin level of 10 g/dL is within the normal range for an adult, it does not specifically indicate a therapeutic response to TPN. However, it can be associated with improved nutritional status.
Temperature of 38.4° C (101.1 F): An elevated temperature indicates the presence of a fever, which is not a direct therapeutic response to TPN but may be associated with an underlying infection or inflammation.
BUN (blood urea nitrogen) of 25 mg/dL: BUN is a measure of kidney function and protein metabolism. An elevated BUN may indicate dehydration, impaired kidney function, or increased protein breakdown. It is not a specific therapeutic response to TPN.
While other factors, such as hemoglobin level, temperature, and BUN, can provide additional information about the client's overall health, the most specific indicator of a therapeutic response to TPN in a malnourished client is an improvement in BMI.
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