A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about workplace bullying. Which of the following should the nurse include in the discussion as an example of workplace bullying?

A. Explaining the steps for a 24-hr urine collection: Teaching and explaining procedures require nursing knowledge and judgment, which are outside the scope of practice for assistive personnel.

B. Interpreting blood glucose values: Interpretation of lab results requires clinical judgment and assessment skills, which must be performed by a licensed nurse.

C. Performing postmortem care: Postmortem care is a noninvasive task that focuses on preparing the body, maintaining dignity, and basic hygiene. This task is within the scope of practice for assistive personnel.

D. Assisting with low-carbohydrate diet selections: Assisting with dietary teaching or making food choices involves clinical guidance and education, which must be performed by a licensed nurse or dietitian rather than an assistive personnel.

Rationale:

A. Generativity vs self-absorption: This stage occurs in middle adulthood, typically between ages 40 and 65, when individuals focus on contributing to society, guiding the next generation, and creating a lasting legacy.

B. Trust vs mistrust: This is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, occurring in infancy (birth to 1 year). It centers on developing a sense of trust when basic needs are met consistently by caregivers.

C. Identity vs role confusion: This stage occurs during adolescence (approximately ages 12 to 18) and involves exploring personal values, beliefs, and goals to develop a stable sense of self. Success leads to identity formation, while failure results in role confusion.

D. Intimacy vs isolation: This stage takes place in young adulthood (approximately ages 20 to 40) and focuses on forming deep, committed relationships while balancing independence and emotional closeness.