A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about ethical principles.
Which of the following is an example of autonomy?
A nurse administers a scheduled pain medication for a client who is having pain.
A nurse fulfills a promise to a client that they will return with their pain medication.
A nurse gives a client the choice of when to take a pain medication.
A nurse provides nonpharmacological pain interventions to each client equally.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Administering a scheduled pain medication for a client who is in pain is an act of beneficence rather than autonomy. Beneficence focuses on doing good for the patient, while autonomy involves respecting the patient's right to make choices about their care.
Choice B rationale:
Fulfilling a promise to a client to return with their pain medication is related to veracity and accountability rather than autonomy. Autonomy pertains to the patient's ability to make choices regarding their care.
Choice D rationale:
Providing nonpharmacological pain interventions equally to all clients is related to justice and fairness rather than autonomy. Autonomy involves respecting an individual's right to make decisions about their treatment. Now, let's move on to the next question.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Increased collagen. Increased collagen is not a risk factor for pressure injuries. Collagen provides strength and support to the skin and tissues, which can be protective against pressure injuries by maintaining tissue integrity.
Choice B rationale:
Decreased circulation. Decreased circulation is a significant risk factor for pressure injuries. When blood flow to a specific area is reduced, it can lead to tissue ischemia, which makes the tissue more vulnerable to pressure damage. The lack of oxygen and nutrients from reduced circulation impairs the skin's ability to withstand pressure, increasing the risk of pressure injury development.
Choice C rationale:
Increased muscle mass. While having increased muscle mass can offer some protection against pressure injuries due to the added support and padding, it is not a primary risk factor for developing pressure injuries. In fact, individuals with increased muscle mass may be less prone to pressure injuries because their muscle tissue helps distribute pressure more evenly.
Choice D rationale:
Decreased serum calcium. Decreased serum calcium levels can affect muscle function and bone health but are not a direct risk factor for pressure injuries. Pressure injuries primarily result from sustained pressure on the skin and underlying tissues, often due to immobility and other factors. Calcium levels are not directly related to the development of pressure injuries.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes several stages, and in the stage of the social contract, individuals begin to challenge rules and laws that they believe infringe upon the rights of others. This stage is characterized by the development of a sense of justice and social responsibility. Individuals in this stage may question laws and rules that they see as unjust and work towards changing them in favor of the greater good.
Choice B rationale:
Law and order is a stage in Kohlberg's theory where individuals prioritize following the established laws and rules of society. They may not necessarily challenge these rules, as their primary concern is maintaining order and obedience to authority.
Choice C rationale:
Punishment and obedience is one of the earlier stages in Kohlberg's theory, where individuals focus on avoiding punishment and obeying authority figures. This stage does not involve challenging rules for the sake of protecting the rights of others.
Choice D rationale:
Good boy-nice girl is a stage where individuals seek approval and avoid disapproval from others. They tend to conform to societal expectations and do not necessarily challenge rules that may impinge on the rights of others.
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