A nurse is teaching a group of healthy older adult clients about dietary needs. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Older adults should decrease their vitamin D intake."
"Older adults should decrease their calorie intake."
"Older adults should decrease their protein intake."
"Older adults should decrease their fiber intake."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice B reason: Older adults should decrease their calorie intake as their metabolic rate and physical activity tend to decline with age. Excess calories can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. Older adults should aim for a balanced diet that meets their nutritional needs without exceeding their energy requirements.
Choice A reason: Older adults should not decrease their vitamin D intake, as vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune function. Older adults are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to reduced sun exposure, decreased skin synthesis, and impaired absorption. Vitamin D deficiency can cause osteoporosis, fractures, muscle weakness, and infections. Older adults should consume adequate amounts of vitamin D from fortified foods, supplements, or sun exposure.
Choice C reason: Older adults should not decrease their protein intake, as protein is important for maintaining muscle mass, strength, and function. Older adults are prone to sarcopenia, which is the loss of muscle mass and quality due to aging. Sarcopenia can impair mobility, balance, and independence. Older adults should consume enough protein from animal or plant sources to prevent or delay sarcopenia.
Choice D reason: Older adults should not decrease their fiber intake, as fiber is beneficial for digestive health and blood glucose control. Older adults often suffer from constipation, diverticular disease, and diabetes, which can be alleviated by increasing fiber intake. Fiber can also lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease and some cancers. Older adults should consume at least 25 grams of fiber per day from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Ground beef is high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of gallstones. A client with cholecystitis should avoid fatty, greasy, or fried foods; meats; and cheeses.
Choice B reason: Graham crackers are low in fat and high in fiber, which can help prevent gallstones. A client with cholecystitis should eat more foods that are high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains.
Choice C reason: Blueberry muffins may contain butter, eggs, or milk, which are sources of saturated fat and cholesterol. A client with cholecystitis should eat fewer refined carbohydrates and less sugar.
Choice D reason: 2% milk is a dairy product that contains saturated fat and cholesterol. A client with cholecystitis should eat healthy fats, like fish oil and olive oil, to help the gallbladder contract and empty on a regular basis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Peas are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are small and round and can pose a choking hazard. Peas also require some chewing to break them down, which may be difficult for the client.
Choice B reason: Dried apricots are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are hard and sticky and can damage the teeth or dentures. Dried apricots also require a lot of chewing to swallow them, which may be painful or tiring for the client.
Choice C reason: Canned pears are a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are soft and moist and can be easily mashed with a fork. Canned pears do not require much chewing and can be swallowed smoothly.
Choice D reason: Cashews are not a good choice for a mechanical soft diet, as they are hard and crunchy and can injure the gums or oral mucosa. Cashews also require a lot of chewing and can get stuck in the teeth or dentures.
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