A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who has phenylketonuria (PKU) and is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?
A low-protein diet should be followed for 3 months prior to conception.
Serum bilirubin should be monitored one to two times per month during pregnancy.
Diet sodas should not be consumed more than two or three times per week.
Breastfeeding will prevent your baby from developing PKU.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: A low-protein diet is essential for clients who have PKU, as they cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. High levels of phenylalanine can cause intellectual disability and other neurological problems. A low-protein diet should be started before pregnancy and maintained throughout pregnancy to prevent fetal harm.
Choice B reason: Serum bilirubin is not related to PKU. It is a product of red blood cell breakdown and is elevated in conditions such as jaundice, liver disease, or hemolytic anemia. It does not need to be monitored routinely in clients who have PKU.
Choice C reason: Diet sodas are not recommended for clients who have PKU, as they often contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which is a source of phenylalanine. Diet sodas should be avoided completely or consumed very sparingly by clients who have PKU.
Choice D reason: Breastfeeding will not prevent the baby from developing PKU, as PKU is a genetic disorder that is inherited from both parents. If both parents have PKU, the baby will have a 100% chance of having PKU. If one parent has PKU and the other is a carrier, the baby will have a 50% chance of having PKU. If one parent has PKU and the other is not a carrier, the baby will not have PKU but will be a carrier. Breastfeeding may provide some benefits for the baby, such as immunity and bonding, but it will not affect the baby's PKU status.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B reason: Lentils are a rich source of folate, which is a B vitamin that is essential for the development of the neural tube and the prevention of neural tube defects in the fetus . One cup of cooked lentils provides about 358 micrograms of folate, which is 90% of the recommended daily intake for pregnant women.
Choice A reason: Mashed potatoes are not a good source of folate, as they contain only 8 micrograms of folate per cup, which is 2% of the recommended daily intake for pregnant women. Potatoes are mainly a source of carbohydrates, potassium, and vitamin C.
Choice C reason: Green peppers are a moderate source of folate, as they contain 42 micrograms of folate per cup, which is 11% of the recommended daily intake for pregnant women. Green peppers are also a source of vitamin C, vitamin A, and fiber.
Choice D reason: Carrots are a low source of folate, as they contain 24 micrograms of folate per cup, which is 6% of the recommended daily intake for pregnant women. Carrots are mainly a source of vitamin A, beta-carotene, and fiber.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Crohn's disease is not commonly associated with obesity, although obesity can worsen the symptoms and complications of Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract, especially the small intestine and colon. The exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but it may involve genetic, immune, and environmental factors.
Choice B reason: Celiac disease is not commonly associated with obesity, although obesity can make the diagnosis of celiac disease more difficult. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, is ingested. The damage interferes with the absorption of nutrients and can lead to malnutrition, anemia, and osteoporosis.
Choice C reason: Peptic ulcer disease is not commonly associated with obesity, although obesity can increase the risk of complications from peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcer disease is a condition that causes sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The most common causes of peptic ulcer disease are infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Choice D reason: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly associated with obesity, as obesity can increase the pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that prevents the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. GERD is a condition that causes heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing due to the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus. GERD can also lead to esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal cancer.
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