A nurse is teaching a client who has migraine headaches how to use biofeedback to reduce the need for pharmacological interventions. Which of the fallowing information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Rationale:

A. Wash hands with an alcohol-based cleaner: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not effective against Clostridium difficile spores. Handwashing with soap and water is necessary to physically remove spores and reduce transmission.

B. Wear a gown when providing care: Contact precautions, including wearing a gown, are essential to prevent the spread of C. difficile through contaminated clothing and surfaces. Gowns help protect the nurse and other clients from infection.

C. Remove the thermometer from client's room for use on another client: Using equipment on multiple clients without proper disinfection can spread C. difficile. Disposable or dedicated equipment should be used, or the thermometer must be disinfected before reuse.

D. Wear an N95 respirator when providing care: C. difficile is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, not airborne. An N95 respirator is not required; standard surgical masks are sufficient if needed for droplet precautions.

E. Change gloves after contact with infectious material: Proper glove use and changing gloves after contact with fecal material or contaminated surfaces prevent cross-contamination and reduce the risk of spreading C. difficile to other clients or surfaces.

Rationale:

A. Place a pillow under the client's knees when changing positions: Elevating the knees with a pillow may be appropriate for comfort, but in a client with a thoracic spine injury, this can alter spinal alignment and increase the risk of further injury. Maintaining proper spinal alignment during all movements is more important than knee elevation.

B. Use a sheet when repositioning the client onto his side: Using a sheet for logrolling or turning helps maintain spinal alignment and allows multiple caregivers to move the client safely as a unit. This technique minimizes rotation or flexion of the spine, which is critical in preventing further spinal cord injury in clients with thoracic spine trauma.

C. Apply an immobilizing collar on the client prior to movement: Cervical collars are used for cervical spine injuries, not thoracic spine injuries. Applying a collar would not stabilize the thoracic spine and could give a false sense of security while performing repositioning.

D. Instruct the client to keep his arms at his side when altering positions: The client may need to assist in turning if possible, and keeping the arms rigidly at the side is not necessary. Restricting arm movement does not ensure spinal safety and may limit the client’s ability to participate safely in repositioning.