A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about infection prevention. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid contact with which of the following items?

Soiled cat litter

Scrambled eggs

Pasteurized milk

Electric razor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Soiled cat litter:
Soiled cat litter can contain Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that can cause severe infections in individuals with HIV or other immunocompromised conditions. The parasite can lead to opportunistic infections, including encephalitis. Therefore, it is crucial for clients with HIV to avoid handling soiled cat litter to prevent potential infection.

B) Scrambled eggs:
Scrambled eggs, when cooked properly, are generally safe for individuals with HIV. They do not pose a high risk of infection if handled and prepared with good hygiene practices. However, it is important to ensure that eggs are fully cooked to avoid risks related to other pathogens like Salmonella.

C) Pasteurized milk:
Pasteurized milk is safe for individuals with HIV. Pasteurization kills harmful bacteria and pathogens, making it a lower-risk option for those with compromised immune systems. It is recommended to avoid unpasteurized milk, which can pose a risk of infection.

D) Electric razor:
An electric razor is generally safe and does not pose an infection risk. It is preferable over manual razors for individuals with HIV as it reduces the risk of cuts and abrasions that could lead to infections.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Fever
Fever is a common sign of infection, but it may not be the earliest indicator of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis. It often appears after other more specific symptoms, like changes in the dialysis effluent.
B. Cloudy effluent
Cloudy effluent is the earliest and most specific sign of peritonitis in clients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. It indicates the presence of white blood cells and bacteria, suggesting an infection in the peritoneal cavity.
C. Increased heart rate
An increased heart rate can occur with infection or pain, but it is not specific to peritonitis and may arise later. It is a less direct indicator compared to changes in the dialysis fluid.
D. Generalized abdominal pain
Abdominal pain is a significant symptom but typically follows the early sign of cloudy effluent. It indicates inflammation and irritation in the peritoneal cavity, often accompanying infection progression.

A. Decreased responsiveness of airways to allergens B. Suppressed bronchiolar inflammatory response C. Acute loss of alveolar elasticity D. Inability to exhale retained carbon dioxide

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Decreased responsiveness of airways to allergens:
Asthma is characterized by an increased responsiveness of the airways to various triggers, including allergens, rather than a decreased responsiveness. This heightened sensitivity leads to bronchoconstriction and inflammation, contributing to the symptoms of an asthma attack.

B) Suppressed bronchiolar inflammatory response:
During an asthma attack, there is an exaggerated bronchiolar inflammatory response rather than suppression. Inflammatory mediators cause swelling, mucus production, and constriction of the airways, making it difficult for the client to breathe.

C) Acute loss of alveolar elasticity:
The loss of alveolar elasticity is more characteristic of conditions like emphysema rather than asthma. Asthma primarily involves the airways rather than the alveoli, with symptoms resulting from bronchoconstriction and inflammation rather than loss of elasticity.

D) Inability to exhale retained carbon dioxide:
During an acute asthma attack, bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation lead to air trapping and difficulty in exhaling. This results in the retention of carbon dioxide and subsequent respiratory distress. The inability to exhale effectively exacerbates symptoms, making it a key contributing factor to the manifestations of an asthma attack.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about infection prevention. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid contact with which of the following items?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing teaching to a client and his partner about performing peritoneal dialysis at home. When discussing peritonitis, which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as the earliest indication of this complication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to the client's manifestations?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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