A nurse is teaching a client about the use of an epinephrine auto-injector for anaphylaxis.

Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale:

Asking why the client enjoys gambling doesn't address the underlying issues of gambling disorder.

Choice B rationale:

Instructing the client to apologize to their family is judgmental and not therapeutic.

Choice C rationale:

Assuming the family's emotions and feelings is not appropriate and may not be accurate.

Choice D rationale:

Asking about the client's first experience with gambling can help uncover triggers and patterns related to the disorder, which can be useful for treatment.

Choice A rationale:

Agitation is a common manifestation of delirium, as the client experiences a disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition. The client may become restless, irritable, or aggressive due to the altered mental state.

Choice B rationale:

Slow, flat speech is not a manifestation of delirium, but rather a sign of depression or dementia. Clients with delirium may have rapid, incoherent, or slurred speech, depending on the cause and severity of the condition.

Choice C rationale:

Visual hallucinations are another manifestation of delirium, as the client may perceive things that are not there or misinterpret sensory stimuli. The client may also have auditory or tactile hallucinations, which can contribute to the agitation and confusion.

Choice D rationale:

Confusion is a hallmark manifestation of delirium, as the client has difficulty with orientation, memory, and reasoning. The client may not recognize familiar people or places, or may have fluctuating levels of consciousness. The confusion may worsen at night or in low-light settings, which is known as sundowning syndrome.

Choice E rationale:

Rapid mood swings are also a manifestation of delirium, as the client may exhibit emotional lability, anxiety, depression, fear, or anger. The mood changes may be unpredictable and inappropriate to the situation.