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A nurse is teaching a client about the use of a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

A.

"This device delivers heat via electrodes that are attached to the affected area."

B.

"Adjust the dial until you feel a pins-and-needles sensation."

C.

"You can apply the electrodes directly over sensitive areas of skin."

D.

"This device requires access to a 220-volt outlet."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "This device delivers heat via electrodes that are attached to the affected area.": A TENS unit does not use heat for pain relief. It works by delivering low-voltage electrical impulses to the skin, stimulating nerve fibers to reduce pain perception.

B. "Adjust the dial until you feel a pins-and-needles sensation.": The intensity of the electrical stimulation should be adjusted to a comfortable level where the client feels a tingling or pins-and-needles sensation. This indicates that the nerves are being stimulated appropriately for pain relief.

C. "You can apply the electrodes directly over sensitive areas of skin.": Electrodes should not be placed on irritated, broken, or sensitive skin, as this can cause discomfort or skin damage. Placement should follow guidelines to ensure effective and safe pain management.

D. "This device requires access to a 220-volt outlet.": TENS units are battery-operated and do not require a high-voltage power source. This makes them portable and convenient for home use.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Increase in urinary output: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that promotes diuresis to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP). Increased urinary output is an expected effect and indicates the medication is working as intended.

B. Crackles on auscultation: Mannitol can lead to fluid overload, especially in clients with compromised renal or cardiac function. Crackles in the lungs suggest pulmonary edema, a serious adverse effect that should be reported immediately to prevent respiratory distress.

C. Intracranial pressure reading of 12 mm Hg: Normal ICP ranges from 5 to 15 mm Hg. A reading of 12 mm Hg is within the expected range and does not indicate an adverse effect of mannitol.

D. Glasgow coma scale rating of 15: A score of 15 indicates full consciousness and normal neurological function. This finding does not suggest an adverse reaction to mannitol.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"C"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A,B,C"}}

Explanation

Sickle Cell Disease:
• Fatigue

Iron Deficiency Anemia:
• Ferritin level
• Fatigue
• Orthostatic hypotension

Pernicious Anemia:
• Vitamin B12 level
• Fatigue

Rationale:

• Vitamin B12 level: A decreased vitamin B12 level is characteristic of pernicious anemia, which results from impaired absorption of vitamin B12 due to intrinsic factor deficiency.

• Orthostatic hypotension: A drop in blood pressure upon standing is commonly seen in iron deficiency anemia due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity and inadequate perfusion.

• Ferritin level: A low ferritin level indicates depleted iron stores, which is a hallmark of iron deficiency anemia.

• Fatigue: Fatigue is a common symptom in all three conditions due to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. In sickle cell disease, fatigue results from chronic hemolysis and vaso-occlusive episodes. In iron deficiency anemia, it is caused by insufficient hemoglobin production. In pernicious anemia, fatigue results from ineffective erythropoiesis due to vitamin B12 deficiency.

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