A nurse is teaching a class about sleep disorders. The nurse should include that which of the following conditions can cause obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A) Diaphoresis:
While diaphoresis (excessive sweating) may occur with some cardiac or respiratory conditions, it is not a primary or expected sign of circulatory overload. Circulatory overload generally involves fluid accumulation in the body, and symptoms are more likely related to fluid retention and increased workload on the heart rather than sweating.

B) Weight loss:
Weight loss is not typically associated with circulatory overload. In fact, one of the hallmark signs of circulatory overload is weight gain due to fluid retention. The body retains excess fluid in the vascular system, leading to an increase in weight rather than weight loss.

C) Hypotension:
Hypotension (low blood pressure) is generally not associated with circulatory overload. Circulatory overload typically results in elevated blood pressure due to the increased volume of circulating fluid. In some cases, if the heart is unable to handle the increased volume, symptoms like pulmonary edema or shortness of breath can occur, but hypotension is more commonly seen in conditions like shock or severe fluid loss.

D) Tachycardia:
Tachycardia (an elevated heart rate) is a common finding in circulatory overload. When there is an excess of fluid in the body, the heart has to work harder to pump the additional volume of blood, leading to an increased heart rate. This is a compensatory response to the increased workload on the heart. It is also a sign that the body is attempting to maintain adequate tissue perfusion despite the excess fluid volume.

A) Prepares the sterile field 2 hours before it is needed:
A sterile field should be prepared as close to the time it will be used as possible, typically within 15 to 30 minutes before the procedure, to ensure its sterility is maintained. Preparing a sterile field 2 hours in advance increases the risk of contamination, as airborne particles and bacteria can settle on the field during that time.

B) Uses a surface that is at waist height:
A waist-height surface is the most appropriate for setting up a sterile field. This is because it allows the nurse to maintain a proper stance and reduces the likelihood of contamination by minimizing the risk of the nurse accidentally reaching over or leaning into the sterile field. The correct height ensures that sterile items are not contaminated by being positioned too high or too low, both of which can increase the risk of contamination.

C) Places the sterile field against a wall in the client's room:
Placing the sterile field against a wall is not advisable, as it may increase the likelihood of contamination. A wall is not a sterile surface, and anything in close proximity to the wall (e.g., furniture, equipment) could inadvertently contaminate the sterile field. A sterile field should be placed on a clean, flat surface that is free from any potential contaminants, away from traffic or other surfaces that could compromise sterility.

D) Opens the first flap of the sterile package towards the nurse's body:
When opening a sterile package, the first flap should always be opened away from the body, not towards it. This action ensures that the nurse does not risk contaminating the sterile field by inadvertently touching it with their body or clothing. The nurse should open each flap of the sterile package away from themselves, then discard it, continuing to open the remaining flaps in a way that maintains the sterility of the items within.