A nurse is screening a male client for hypertension. The nurse should identify that which of the following actions by the client increase his risk for hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

Drinking 36 oz beer daily and eating a diet high in sodium are actions that increase the risk for hypertension.

Here is why:

• Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure and also damage the liver, brain, and heart.The American Heart Association recommends limiting alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

• Eating a diet high in sodium can cause the body to retain fluid, which increases blood pressure.The American Heart Association recommends limiting sodium intake to no more than 2,300 mg per day, and ideally no more than 1,500 mg per day.

Choice A, B, and C are wrong because:

• Drinking 8 oz nonfat milk daily is not a risk factor for hypertension.In fact, dairy products may help lower blood pressure by providing calcium, potassium, and protein.

• Eating popcorn at the movie theater is not a risk factor for hypertension, unless the popcorn is heavily salted or buttered.Popcorn is a whole grain that can provide fiber and antioxidants.

• Walking 1 mile daily at 12 min/mile pace is not a risk factor for hypertension.On the contrary, physical activity can help lower blood pressure by strengthening the heart and blood vessels.

Normal blood pressure range is less than 120/80 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury).

Elevated blood pressure range is 120-129/less than 80 mm Hg.

Hypertension stage 1 range is 130-139/80-89 mm Hg.

Hypertension stage 2 range is 140 or higher/90 or higher mm Hg.Hypertensive crisis range is higher than 180/higher than 120 mm Hg.

This statement indicates a need for further teaching because sublingual nitroglycerin tablets should not be swallowed, but dissolved under the tongue for rapid absorption and onset of action. Swallowing the tablet would reduce its effectiveness and delay its action.

Choice A is wrong because nitroglycerin tablets should be kept in a dark, glass bottle to protect them from light, heat, and moisture, which can degrade the drug.The bottle should be tightly closed and labeled with the date of opening.

Choice B is wrong because nitroglycerin tablets can be taken every 5 minutes for up to three doses if chest pain persists.If the pain is not relieved after three doses, the client should call 911 or seek emergency medical attention.

Choice D is wrong because nitroglycerin tablets have a short shelf life and should be replaced every 6 months or as indicated by the manufacturer.The client should check the expiration date and discard any unused tablets after 6 months.